Carbonyl-coordinating polymers for high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries: Solid polymer electrolytes
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Review Carbonyl-coordinating polymers for high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries: Solid polymer electrolytes
Hongli Xu and Jingbing Xie, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China Zhongbo Liu, Shenzhen Capchem Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China Jun Wang and Yonghong Deng, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China Address all correspondence to Jun Wang at [email protected] and Yonghong Deng at [email protected] (Received 22 January 2020; accepted 3 March 2020)
ABSTRACT Solid polymer electrolytes are a crucial class of compounds in the next-generation solid-state lithium batteries featured by high safety and extraordinary energy density. This review highlights the importance of carbonyl-coordinating polymer-based solid polymer electrolytes in next-generation safe and high–energy density lithium metal batteries, unraveling their synthesis, sustainability, and electrochemical performance. With the massive consumption of fossil fuel in vehicles nowadays, the resulted air pollution and greenhouse gases issue have now aroused the global interest on the replacement of the internal combustion engines with engine systems using renewable energy. Thus, the commercial electric vehicle market is growing fast. As the requirement for longer driving distances and higher safety in commercial electric vehicles becomes more demanding, great endeavors have been devoted to developing the next-generation solid-state lithium metal batteries using high-voltage cathode materials, e.g., high nickel (Ni) ternary active materials, LiCoO2, and spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. However, the most extensively investigated solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are based on polyether-based polymers, especially the archetypal poly(ethylene oxide), which are still suffering from low ionic conductivity (10−7 to 10−6 S/cm at room temperature), limited lithium ion transference number (4.5 V)? How can we improve the interfacial stability of SPE/cathode or SPE/anode at such high lithium salt concentrations and very high voltage? All these questions remain mystery, and much more efforts are still needed to further study and refine the carbonyl-coordinating polymer– based SPEs for high-voltage electrochemical applications. In this review, we summarized and highlighted the synthesis, sustainability, and ionic conduction of carbonyl-coordinating polymers and the SPEs thereof. To the best of our knowledge and our understanding on SPEs, we tentatively suggest the following challenges and perspective:
(1) Further improvement of ionic conductivity. The transport of lithium ions highly depends on the lithium ion dynamic complexation with the polymer chains and the segmental motions. Given this mechanism, the ionic conducti
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