A novel multi-triggered natural rubber (NR)/beeswax (BW)/carbon nanotube (CNT) shape memory bio-nanocomposite
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A novel multi-triggered natural rubber (NR)/beeswax (BW)/carbon nanotube (CNT) shape memory bio-nanocomposite Sun-Mou Lai 1
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Geng-Lun Guo 1 & Yi-Cheng Xie 1 & Jian-Ming Chen 1 & Dun-Yu Xu 1 & Yu-En Wei 1 & Zhou-Rong Cao 1
Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 # The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract The shape memory properties of sulfur crosslinked natural rubber/beeswax (NR/BW) bio-blends and nanocomposites at three blending compositions (8:2, 6:4, and 4:6) were investigated. The melting temperature of beeswax was used as the switching temperature in the one-way shape memory process. The addition of multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) into the NR/BW matrix was helpful in not only improving the beeswax dispersion but also serving the near-infrared absorber to remotely trigger the shape memory process. Most surprisingly, the crystal orientation of beeswax in the natural rubber matrix was parallel to the stretching direction. In addition, the NR/BW blends and nanocomposites demonstrated the THF and acetone solvent vapor-triggered reversible shape memory behavior, which was hardly achieved without applying external stress and pre-soaking treatment as seen in the literature. This simple blending approach offers tremendous possibilities to prepare bio-based blends and nanocomposites with reversible shape memory properties. Keywords Natural rubber . Beeswax . CNT . Shape memory bio-nanocomposite . Remotely-triggered . Solvent vapor-triggered
Introduction Biomimetics has received much attention lately due to the increasing interest of scientific research to imitate nature, either plants or animals, for the bio-inspired design to develop smart materials. For instance, pinecone could change their shapes by closing or opening their scales depending on the wet or dry environment. Among those novel bio-inspired materials, shape memory (SM) materials are considered to be one of the most advanced materials in the last decade. In particular, shape memory polymers (SMPs) feature many merits, such as lightweight and good processibility, over conventional shape memory alloys. When SMPs are pre-deformed or preprogrammed under various conditions, such as test temperature, to attain their temporary shapes, they could once again
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02256-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sun-Mou Lai [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan, Republic of China
reclaim their original shapes on experiencing different types of external stimuli, such as temperature, water, light, etc. [1] Among those external stimuli, the thermal stimulus was the most common way of inducing the shape memory behavior in the literature. Several recent reviews have listed the effect of those external stimuli and possible applications of SMPs in different interesting fields, including biomedical, textile, sensors, etc. [1–6] D
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