A novel multimodal and multidirectional energy harvester by asymmetric 3D skeletal frame structures
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(2020) 42:274
TECHNICAL PAPER
A novel multimodal and multidirectional energy harvester by asymmetric 3D skeletal frame structures Iman Fattahi1 · Hamid Reza Mirdamadi1 Received: 22 July 2019 / Accepted: 23 April 2020 © The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2020
Abstract Designing multimodal and multidirectional energy harvester (EH) topologies with high-strain areas is among the most demanding and critical obstacles encountered in powering small electronics and wireless sensor networks. These deficiencies are highly considerable by utilizing the conventional cantilever beam EHs. In order to overcome these challenges, effective structural design is required. In this paper, two different 3D asymmetric skeletal frame topologies are designed and introduced for energy harvesters. The vibrational behaviors of the proposed structures are investigated using finite element method and compared to corresponding 1D beam and 3D symmetric frame topologies. Furthermore, the electromechanical responses of the aforementioned EHs are obtained showing the advantages in more detail. The results imply that the asymmetric frames can simultaneously solve the main problems of EHs in a successful manner. Keywords Energy harvesting · Piezoelectric · Skeletal frame · 3D asymmetric topology · Multimodal · Multidirectional
1 Introduction Analyzing dynamics and vibrations of structures and mechanisms has been the target of many studies in numerous fields of engineering and various applications [1–4]. Among them, collecting the vibration energy available in the environment and converting it into useful electrical energy has been attracting intensive attention of researchers in recent years [5–9]. Vibration-based piezoelectric EHs have a particular appeal due to their simple structures and high energy densities [10–16]. Some significant challenges have always been encountered using the conventional resonance-based cantilever beam EHs: (1) uni-directionality, i.e., suitably responding to translational excitations only in a single direction; this is a serious restriction since the vibration may come from various directions in practical applications. (2) The narrow Technical Editor: Pedro Manuel Calas Lopes Pacheco, D.Sc. * Hamid Reza Mirdamadi [email protected] Iman Fattahi [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
extracted power bandwidth of the conventional EHs, this issue leads to a sharp reduction in the output power of the harvester for vibrations with frequencies away from its fundamental natural frequency. (3) Low-strain areas of the EH reduce the efficiency of electrical power harvesting; it should be noted that piezoelectric materials produce electrical voltage in response to the strain in the harvester. High enough energy in the cantilever beam EHs is only extracted from a small area of the harvester near the fixed end. Some schemes have been proposed for multidirectional energy harvesting [17–23]. For instance, Fan et al.
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