A Novel Terahertz Rat-Race Hybrid Coupler Based on PPDW
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A Novel Terahertz Rat-Race Hybrid Coupler Based on PPDW Xiaofan Yang & Yong Fan & Bo Zhang & Longfang Ye & Xiong Xu
Received: 20 December 2010 / Accepted: 22 July 2011 / Published online: 17 August 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
Abstract A novel rat-race hybrid coupler based on parallel-plate dielectric waveguide (PPDW) is proposed. PPDW has been proposed as a basic terahertz transmission line for its remarkable simple structure and comparatively low attenuation at terahertz frequency band. It can be applied to design many terahertz components. In this paper, a (3 N+3/2) × lambda circumference PPDW rat-race hybrid coupler operating at quasi-TE10 mode is studied. The investigation results show that, at 0.34 THz, the transmission losses of the two split output ports are both equals −3.2 dB; the return loss at its input port is below −20 dB; the insertion loss at each split transmission port is less than 0.2 dB; and the two isolated ports show good isolation of above 20 dB. Therefore, it will have wide potential applications at terahertz frequency band. Keywords Terahertz . Rat-race hybrid coupler . PPDW
1 Introduction The terahertz (THz) region in the electromagnetic spectrum, spanning from 0.1 THz to 10 THz, becomes more and more important for a wide range scientific, military and commercial applications. Terahertz science and technology has made rapid development for past two decades. It is a new research area involving electromagnetic radiation [1], spectroscopy [2], imaging [3], semiconductor physics [4], material science [5], biology [6], etc. Rat-race hybrids are key components in the design of microwave devices such as mixers [7], power amplifiers [8], phase shifters [9], attenuators [10] and antenna systems [11], due X. Yang (*) : Y. Fan : B. Zhang : L. Ye EHF Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Keyanlou C312, 2006 Xiyuan Road, West Hi-tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Xu Vacuum Electronics National Laboratory, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
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J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves (2011) 32:1291–1298
to their simplicity, wide bandwidth in power dividing distribution, and a high isolation between the ports. With working frequency rising to terahertz wave band, traditional ratrace hybrids based on microstrip are hard fabricated because of so small device size and very strong loss. Thus, size increasing and proper transmission line selection are two major design considerations for practical terahertz components applications. Various terahertz transmission lines have been demonstrated within last few years including parallel-plate dielectric waveguide [12], parallel-plate waveguide [13] and nonradioactive dielectric (NRD) waveguide [14]. Both parallel-plate waveguide and NRD waveguide use higher order transmission modes to transfer energy, while PPDW uses fundamental quasi-TE10 guiding mode [15]. Besides, PPDW possesses remarkable simple structur
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