A Novel Turn on Fluorescence Sensor for Determination Enoxaparin, a Low Molecular Weight Heparin
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A Novel Turn on Fluorescence Sensor for Determination Enoxaparin, a Low Molecular Weight Heparin Tuğba Bayraktutan 1
&
Ömer Faruk Bayraktutan 2
Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A sensor system was designed for the detection of Enoxaparin (Enox), a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) that was run over the fluorescence quenching mechanism of fluorescein (FL) dye. At nanomolar concentrations, FL probe was subjected to fluorescence quenching by Fe(III). Fluorescence quenching mechanism of FL by Fe(III) was examined using various analytical techniques such as UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy techniques, as well as with scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that photoinduced electron transfer process occurred between FL and Fe and that FL was quenched both statically and dynamically. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the interactions between them were predominantly hydrophobic interactions. Enox caused FL to recover its lost fluorescence properties and an increase was observed in the intensity of the fluorescence. Enox was detected successfully with the turn on fluorescence sensor. The developed Enox biosensor exhibited linearity in the range of 0–1.1 μg/ml. For Enox detection, the limit of detection was measured as 255 ng/mL. Enox biosensor was presented as a practical, simple, and applicable sensor system with high sensitivity and good selectivity. Enox is a medication usually monitored indirectly over anticoagulation. This study was presented as an alternative method for monitoring Enox directly. Highlights & Fluorescence quenching of Fluorescein dye by Fe(III) was studied in detail. & The presence of enoxaparin enhanced the fluorescence properties of the fluorescein dye. & A sensitive, simple and effective sensor system for determination of Enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin was shaped in the aqueous media. & It was presented as a new method for Enoxaparin to be followed directly. Keywords Fluorescence sensor . Enoxaparin . Fluorescein dye, fluorescence quenching
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-020-02616-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tuğba Bayraktutan [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
2
Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
Presenting a recent alternative method in drug detection, the studies on monitoring of drugs with fluorescent factors and on drug detection using spectrophotometric and spectrofluometric methods have been increasing in numbers in the literature [1, 12, 16]. Majority of drug active ingredients do not have fluorescence properties. Drug can be monitored over a fluorescent probe by molecular interaction or it can also be monitored
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