A Paper-Fiber-Supported 3D SERS Substrate
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A Paper-Fiber-Supported 3D SERS Substrate Yunyun Mu 1 & Xinping Zhang 1 Received: 16 September 2019 / Accepted: 4 December 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is an effective approach for trace-level detection of molecular substance. Plasmonic metallic nanostructures with high distribution densities and small gap widths are always expected for constructing SERS substrates. We report here a paper-based SERS substrate, where the three-dimensional (3D) network of paper fibers was used as the platform for supporting the gold nanoparticle clusters. Such a 3D arrangement of plasmonic porous clusters supplies high-density hotspots with large total volume and large surface area for the interaction with molecules. Comparison between different papers found that the filter papers commonly available in labs are the best choice. An enhancement factor higher than 104 has been achieved in the detection of R6G molecules. The preparation of such SERS substrates is very simple and convenient, implying low-cost, disposable, and environment-friendly SERS techniques. Furthermore, the paper-based flexible SERS substrates can be easily tailored into different shapes and sizes for fitting different applications. Keywords Paper substrate . Flexibly tailorable SERS substrate . Paper fibers . Three-dimensional network . Gold nanoparticle clusters . Filter papers
Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is widely applied in the detection of low concentration molecules [1–6] and pesticides [6–9]. As an efficient method for trace detection, SERS supplies selectively enhanced Raman signals with high intensity. Plasmonic local fields, which are generally identified as hotspots, enable strong interaction between optical electric fields and environmental molecules. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum of Au, Ag, and Cu nanostructures may cover the whole visible and near-infrared band [10–15], which is controllable through designing the size [16, 17], the shape [18, 19], and the combination of different materials of the structures [20, 21]. Therefore, nanostructured substrates with these metals have been widely employed in SERS device design. Although a large variety of SERS substrates have been demonstrated using different metal nanostructures, there is still large space to optimize the designs to satisfy the ever-
* Xinping Zhang [email protected] 1
Institute of Information Photonics Technology and College of Applied Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
increasing requirements on the performance and various applications of the SERS detection techniques. Conventionally, SERS substrates are produced by metallic nanostructures on glass substrates [22–24] or silicon wafers [25–28]. However, three-dimensional (3D) structures are more advantageous in SERS applications, which enlarge both the interaction volumes and total interaction surface areas between the localized field
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