Synthesis of Ag NPs layer and its application as SERS substrate in the determination of p-phenylenediamine
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis of Ag NPs layer and its application as SERS substrate in the determination of p-phenylenediamine Qizhi Yu 2 & Xiangfa Kong 2 & Chaoshu Chen 1,2 & Caiyan Kang 1,2 & Mianwu Meng 1,2 & Siyu Huang 1,2 Received: 20 May 2020 / Revised: 26 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract An Ag nanoparticles (NPs) layer was synthesized on Ag sheet by alloying/electrochemical dealloying method: X-ray diffraction confirmed that the new Ag phase appeared after removing Ga from Ag-Ga alloy, and scanning electron microscopy examination showed that the prepared Ag layer had a NPS structure. The fine microstructure of silver resulted in significant SERS enhancement effect, while the NPs layer was used as the SERS substrate: when the prepared NPs layer was used as a SERS substrate to detect p-phenylenediamine (PPD), it exhibited a strong SERS peak at 1590 cm−1. The result revealed that the intensity of SERS peaks was linear to the logarithm of PPD concentration in the range from 10−16 mol L−1 to 10−12 mol L−1 and the detection limit was 1.0 × 10−17 mol L−1. Keywords Nanoparticles . Film . Formation . Electrochemical dealloying . SERS substrate . P-phenylenediamine
Introduction P-phenylenediamine (PPD) is an important intermediate widely used in polymers, textiles, and cosmetics, PPD may have allergic and carcinogenic effects on human body, especially when PPD is used as hair dye, and it directly contacts human skin. Therefore, in order to study the in vivo penetration, clearance, and formation of PPD derivatives in human skin [1], a highly sensitive analysis method is required. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the characteristics of high sensitivity, so it has been widely studied and applied in chemical, biological, and environmental fields [2–5]. Active Au and Ag sol substrates have been widely applied in SERS [3–5] due to the advantages of high SERS enhancement factor and simple synthesis process. SERS can also be used to analyze PPD [1, 6]. However, the sensitivity of SERS to PPD analysis is not very high. The sensitivity of SERS depends on the localized surface plasmon resonance
* Siyu Huang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
2
Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environment Change of Guangxi Department of Education, Guilin 541004, China
(LSPR) characteristics, which is determined by size morphology and structure of the SERS substrate [7]; therefore, new SERS substrates need to be explored and used. Nanoparticles film materials are effective substrates for SERS measurements [8–11], and these materials can be prepared by means of electrodeposition method [8], sputtering deposition method [9], pulsed laser deposited method [10], a self-assembly method [11], reduction method [12], and dealloying method [13]. The dealloying method is, however, highly effective in preparing meta
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