A Pd nanocatalyst supported on a polymer-modified hybrid carbon material for methanol oxidation
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
A Pd nanocatalyst supported on a polymer‑modified hybrid carbon material for methanol oxidation Weimin Chen1 · Zhenyu Zhu1 · Amar Al‑Khawlani1 · Qianxing Yuan1 Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A hybrid carbon support is prepared by mixing graphene nanoplates (GNPs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and modifying them with poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA). Pd nanoparticles are deposited onto the hybrid support by a microwave-assisted ethylene glycol reduction method. The obtained Pd/GNPs-PDDA-CNTs catalyst exhibits a high catalytic activity toward methanol oxidation in alkaline solution. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images show that GNPs and CNTs contact intimately with each other and Pd nanoparticles are uniformly distributed over them. The linear sweeping voltammetry test indicates that Pd/GNPs-PDDA-CNTs has a low onset potential for methanol oxidation, which is attributed to the synergistic interaction between palladium and PDDA, as revealed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. It is also observed that the poison resistance of the Pd nanocatalyst is improved to some extent due to the modification of the carbon support by the ionic polymer. Graphic abstract
Keywords Electrocatalyst · Palladium · Carbon nanotube · Graphene · Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) * Weimin Chen [email protected] 1
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
Palladium-based nanocatalysts are widely used as electrocatalysts for alcohol oxidation in alkaline media [1–3]. The most commonly used support materials of electrocatalysts are carbon materials, including carbon blacks [4, 5], carbon nanotubes [6, 7], carbon nanofibers [8, 9], ordered mesopore carbon materials [10, 11], fullerenes [12, 13], graphene [14, 15], and so on. Graphene is a promising support material of electrocatalysts because of its high conductivity, good corrosion resistance as well as large theoretical surface area (approximately 2630 m 2 g−1) [16]. Unfortunately, when graphene nanoplates are dispersed in a solution, they tend to stack up and agglomerate into larger particles due to the π-π interaction, losing a large portion of surface area. To overcome this problem, a lot of efforts have been made. A typical strategy is to mix graphene with another carbon material such as carbon black, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber and fullerene, forming a hybrid carbon support [17–22]. The added carbon material serves as a spacer wedged within graphene nanoplates, preventing them from stacking. On the other hand, when graphene or carbon nanotubes are employed as the support materials of electrocatalysts, metal nanoparticles tend to migrate on the smooth surface of graphene or carbon nanotubes under electrochemical stress, resulting in serious agglomerations of Pd nanoparticles. T
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