Nickel nanoparticles supported by commercial carbon paper as a catalyst for urea electro-oxidation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Nickel nanoparticles supported by commercial carbon paper as a catalyst for urea electro‑oxidation Izabella F. Coelho1 · Joseane R. Barbosa2 · Liying Liu3 · Cauê de S. C. Nogueira4 · Dante F. Franceschini4 · Eduardo A. Ponzio2 · Júlio César M. Silva2 · Yutao Xing4 Received: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 / Published online: 8 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Nickel nanoparticles supported by commercial carbon paper (CP) are prepared by pulsed laser deposition with deposition time of 3, 6, and 12 min as a catalyst for urea electro-oxidation. The surface conditions and the morphologies of the prepared electrodes have been characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Urea electro-oxidation reaction in KOH solution on the Ni/CP electrodes is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that the electrode with less Ni nanoparticle agglomeration shows higher peak current density, which was achieved in the 3 min deposition samples when normalized by electroactive surface areas. However, the highest current normalized by the area of the carbon paper was achieved in the 6 min deposition sample due to the larger quantity of Ni nanoparticles. All the samples show good stability. Our results suggest that the low density, low cost, and environmental friendly CP can be used as support for Ni nanoparticle as a catalyst for urea electro-oxidation. It thus has great potential for many applications involving urea oxidation, such as wastewater treatments. Keywords Nickel nanoparticles · Carbon paper · Urea electro-oxidation · Catalyst
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40243-020-00180-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Júlio César M. Silva [email protected] * Yutao Xing [email protected] 1
Departamento de Engenharia Química e de Petróleo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24210‑346, Brazil
2
Laboratório de materiais da UFF (LaMUFF), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020‑141, Brazil
3
COMAN, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290‑180, Brazil
4
Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica de Alta Resolução, Centro de Caracterização Avançada para Indústria de Petróleo (LaMAR/CAIPE), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24210‑346, Brazil
The generation of clean energy and the wastewater treatment are two major challenges faced and pursued due to the heavy dependence on fossil fuels, non-renewable energy sources, which cause environmental impacts through the greenhouse gas emissions, and the constant contamination of rivers due to the absence of an adequate wastewater treatment [1]. Urea is a substance found in domestic wastewater, as it is the main component of human and animal urine, containing about 2–2.5 wt% of urea [2, 3], and in industrial effluents, such as a large amount of urea
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