A perspective on perovskite oxide semiconductor catalysts for gas phase photoreduction of carbon dioxide
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unctional Oxides Prospective Article
A perspective on perovskite oxide semiconductor catalysts for gas phase photoreduction of carbon dioxide Chunxiang Huang, Zhaosheng Li, and Zhigang Zou, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China Address all correspondence to Zhaosheng Li or Zhigang Zou at [email protected] or [email protected] (Received 15 June 2016; accepted 8 August 2016)
Abstract Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into renewable hydrocarbon fuels using solar energy has gained much attention in the effort to conserve energy and enhance carbon cycling. This paper begins with a brief description of the basic concepts of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, introduces some experimental challenges in the gas photoreaction system and provides a review of perovskite oxide semiconductor catalysts, including tantalates, niobates, titanates, zirconates and cerates, for use in the gas phase photoreduction of CO2. The prospects for the future research of CO2 photoreduction are also presented.
Introduction Recently, there are increasing concerns of energy and environmentalism due, in part, to the growing consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels and the rising atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas that is considered to be a major contributor to global warming and other unforeseen severe consequences. The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into hydrocarbons using solar energy, often referred to as artificial photosynthesis, is believed to be a potential and promising approach to solve both issues.[1–5] Since the reduction of CO2 by a TiO2 photocatalyst was reported by Inoue and Fujishima’s group,[6] the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 has attracted the attention of many researchers. The key to this process is to develop an efficient photocatalyst that can properly position the valence and conduction bands for the oxidation and reduction half-reactions of water and CO2, respectively.[5,7] To date, various photocatalysts (such as TiO2,[8] CdS,[9] GaP,[10] Zn2GeO4,[11] etc.) have been used for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Usually, the photocatalysts with an ideal perovskite structure are expected to exhibit good photocatalytic activity, which has been demonstrated in many studies.[12,13] Recently, a series of perovskite type materials of the form ABO3 (such as BaZrO3,[14] BaCeO3,[15] SrTiO3,[16] etc.) have been studied in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Although the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 has been well studied, the conversion efficiency of CO2 is still very low compared with that of water splitting.[3,4] Two major photocatalytic systems are being studied: a solid–liquid interface prepared by an aqueous dispersion of photocatalysts and a solid–gas interface.[5] Usually, both the liquid-phase (CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH) and gas-phase (CH4) products can be detected in a
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