A Preliminary Study of Epilepsy in Children Using Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
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O r i g i n a l A rt i c l e
A Preliminary Study of Epilepsy in Children Using Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging Yuzhen Zhang, Xu Yan, Yu Gao, Dongrong Xu, Jie Wu, Yuhua Li
Received: 1 November 2012 / Accepted: 3 February 2013 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Objective To study brain abnormalities, in terms of nonGaussian water diffusion properties using diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) in children with electroencephalography (EEG) confirmed epilepsy lateralized to both hemispheres. Methods A total of 15 children with epileptiform waves on EEG in both hemispheres and 18 children as normal controls (NC) matched for age and sex were recruited.
The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Y. Li () · Y. Zhang · Y. Gao Department of Radiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, 200092 Shanghai, P. R. China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Zhang e-mail: [email protected] Y. Gao e-mail: [email protected] X. Yan · D. Xu Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China e-mail: [email protected] D. Xu MRI Unit, Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, & New York State Psychiatric Institute, NYSPI Unit 74, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York 10032, USA e-mail: [email protected] J. Wu Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, P. R. China e-mail: [email protected]
Data from DKI for all children were used to characterize non-Gaussian properties. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and mean kurtosis (MK) maps were estimated from the DKI datasets. Voxel-based analyses (VBA) based on these measures were performed and compared between the epilepsy and NC groups. Results The VBA showed abnormal regions in both white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in those with epilepsy. Analysis of FA values revealed that the abnormal regions were significant mainly in the left frontal and temporal lobes of the WM. Analysis of MD values revealed that differences were significant mainly in the right hemisphere of the limbic lobe, uncus, parahippocampal region, both in GM and WM of frontal and temporal lobes, and GM of the rectus of the left cerebrum. Finally, analysis of MK values revealed significant differences mainly in WM of the frontal lobes of both cerebrum, and GM and WM of the parietal lobe of the right cerebrum. Conclusions These preliminary results suggest that DKI is sensitive for the characterization of diffusion abnormalities in both WM and GM of children with epilepsy. Keywords Epilepsy · Children · Diffusional kurtosis imaging · Magnetic resonance imaging Introduction Epilepsy is the second commonest neurological disease worldwide across all ages. The preferred diagnostic test is electroencephalography (EEG). Idiopathic epilepsy is the most frequent type in children, and constitutes those who do not demonstrate significant structural
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