A Reaction Model for Prediction of Inclusion Evolution During Reoxidation of Ca-Treated Al-Killed Steels in Tundish
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Performance of steel products is significantly affected by the steel cleanliness.[1–3] As an essential refining vessel, the continuous casting tundish shows good metallurgical functions for regulating the flow pattern of the molten steel and the removal of inclusions.[4,5] Tundish is also known to cause the contamination of the molten steel by a complicated combination of various factors, including entrainment of ladle slag, reaction with tundish cover powders, erosion of refractories, reaction with ladle well packing materials, and air absorption.[6] During casting transitions such as cast start and ladle change process, the air absorption can hardly be avoided.[7] Reoxidation of the molten steel in the tundish might lead to the increase of oxygen in the steel, the generation of inclusions, and change of inclusion chemistry, which is detrimental in producing high-quality steel grades.[8–13] Accurate ability to predict compositions of steel and inclusions in the tundish is of great importance to better understand the YING REN, LIFENG ZHANG, HAITAO LING, YI WANG, DONGTENG PAN, and QIANG REN are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, P.R. China. XINCHENG WANG is with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), and also with the Xinjiang Bayi Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Urumchi 830022, P.R. China. Contact email: [email protected] Manuscript submitted December 9, 2016. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
evolution mechanism of inclusions and improve the steel cleanliness. A large number of physical modeling and mathematical simulation works have been carried out to investigate the flow, temperature field, and removal of inclusions.[14–18] It was regretful that chemical composition of inclusions was not accounted for in above investigations due to complicated calculations and lack of thermodynamic data in the multicomponent system. Recently, with the application of thermodynamic software, the formation of inclusions at different temperatures and varying steel compositions in a multicomponent system can be apace and accurately predicted.[19–22] There have been several kinetic models developed using the combination of thermodynamic calculations with simplified fluid dynamic equations of the liquid melt, which can be used to predict the evolution of steel chemistry and inclusion compositions during refining process such as ladle furnace[23–29] and RuhrstahlHeraeus.[30] However, there was no available reaction model to predict the reactions in the tundish. In the current study, a reaction model of the tundish was developed based on FactSage Macro Processing to predict the evolutions of steel chemistry and inclusion compositions in the tundish. In the previous works,[15] it was proposed that the one-strand tundish can be divided into the mixing zone and the plug zone by the weir of the tundish. During the steady casting process, the molten steel firstly impinged the botto
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