A Review on 3D Spatial Data Analytics for Building Information Models
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A Review on 3D Spatial Data Analytics for Building Information Models Yu‑Wei Zhou1 · Zhen‑Zhong Hu2 · Jia‑Rui Lin1 · Jian‑Ping Zhang1 Received: 17 March 2019 / Accepted: 29 July 2019 © CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain 2019
Abstract Except for various properties, accurate and intuitive 3D representations of building elements and spaces are embedded in Building Information Models (BIMs). Thus, better understanding of spatial features of building elements and spaces is possible, which brings new opportunity in code compliance checking, indoor navigation, visualization, etc. With large amount of fine-grained 3D spatial data collected quickly and continuously, there is an urgent need for new methods to overcome problems like improper spatial expression, insufficient mining and utilization of information that exist in traditional methods. This research reviews state-of-the-art of related research and provides a summary of achievements and challenges in this area. Then, a framework consists of management, analysis, and application of 3D spatial data of BIM and a detailed discussion of each part are proposed, which would give the readers an overview of relevant methods, technologies, and tools. Moreover, potential research directions and open issues for future work are also discussed. The paper enables researchers to get a comprehensive understanding of 3D spatial data analytics of BIM as well as suggestions for future work, and thus makes a solid contribution in this area. Keywords Spatial database · Spatial analysis · Building information model · Interoperability · Model checking · Data retrieval · Spatio-semantic analysis
1 Introduction Generally, human views buildings as a collection of 3D physical components and their relationships [9]. Following an object-oriented manner, computer-based modeling of buildings has been an important area of the construction informatics research community for about 20 years. With building information models (BIMs), not only the 3D representation of the physical building elements, but also their properties (or semantics) and the relationships between them are captured [12]. It is possible to serve various stakeholders like the owners, designers, engineers, contractors and enhance the collaboration between them with a seamless integration of design software and downstream applications based on BIM [11].
* Jia‑Rui Lin [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
2
The current widely used BIM standard—industry foundation classes (IFC)—defines almost all the building components in the construction domain and supports various applications like evacuation simulation, building performance analysis, etc [57]. However, none of these applications needs all the data in a BIM, instead, only a partial model is needed [8]. To allow the user to extract partial models from a full BIM, a formal query language is necessary for a model
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