A review on start-up characteristics of the pulsating heat pipe
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REVIEW
A review on start-up characteristics of the pulsating heat pipe Dongwei Zhang 1 & Zhuantao He 1 & Erhui Jiang 1 & Chao Shen 2
&
Junjie Zhou 1
Received: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a two-phase heat transfer device, and the start-up characteristics plays a crucial role in its practical application and stable operating performance. This paper introduced the start-up principle of PHP and reviewed the influences of the cross-sectional shape, the physical property parameters and the external field action (i.e., magnetic field, ultrasonic wave etc.) on the starting characteristics of PHP. Based on the results of present literature, the pressure distributions in PHP with noncircular channel section or irregular channel are uneven, which easily form an oscillation cycle motion and is beneficial to the efficient operation of PHP. Simultaneously, the fluids with high thermal conductivity, low dynamic viscosity and low surface tension (such as nano-fluid, deionised water, etc.) are more conductive to starting characteristics of PHP. In addition, reviewed studies reported that as an active heat transfer enhancement method, external field has great potential in terms of enhancing heat transfer and controlling the heat transfer process. Keywords Pulsating heat pipe . Startup characteristics . Performance
1 Introduction With the increasing integration of electronic devices, the heat flux of microelectronic devices dramatically increases. Therefore, the heat dissipation technology acts an essential role in the field of microelectronic cooling. Pulsating heat pipe (PHP), first proposed by Akachi [1], is a promising heat rejecting device with self-excitation start-up and efficient heat transfer performance, which was formed by bending capillary tubes into the serpentine structure. The PHP mainly comprises two type structures of an open-loop or a closed loop (as shown Highlights • The startup characteristics of pulsating heat pipe and its performance were overviewed. • The startup process and startup method of PHP were summarized. • Influences of various parameters on start-up characteristics of PHP were systematically reviewed and analyzed. * Chao Shen [email protected] 1
Center on the Technology and Equipments for Energy Saving in Thermal Energy System of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
2
School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
in Fig. 1). It consists of small diameter tube (capillary tube) [2, 3] with several turns and generally has three main parts [4]: evaporator part receiving heat, condenser part dissipating heat and adiabatic section which is optional and used when there is a gap between evaporator and condenser. Different from traditional heat pipes, the PHP has no wick structure to assist working fluid from one region to another, rather the capillary action assists in this regard [5].
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