A Scoring Matrix Method for Integrated Evaluation of Water-Related Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Parks
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A Scoring Matrix Method for Integrated Evaluation of Water-Related Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Parks Caterina Rosini
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Roberto Revelli2
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Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 / Published online: 13 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Increasing urbanization, landscape conversion, and resource consumption represent the most important, visible and irreversible human-induced actions on Earth. As a consequence, nowadays it is of seminal importance to understand and assess how anthropic pressures are related to the provision of ecosystem services (ES). This paper focuses on urban parks and their provision of water-induced ecosystem services (WES) connected to urban hydrologic cycle. The study uses a broad holistic approach to comprehensively understand the links between anthropic pressures and WES production. With the help of biological, chemical, and physical indicators collected in publicly available databases a scoring matrix was created. The method was applied to two different parks in Turin (Italy), the Arrivore Park and the Michelotti Park. The matrices reveal that anthropic pressures are marked, and the most affected WES are habitat maintenance, recreational services, and the provision of drinkable and non-drinkable water. The hydromorphological alterations are the anthropogenic pressures most strongly present in both parks. More specifically, in the Arrivore Park urbanization represents one of the most important pressures while the main pressures in the Michelotti Park are water abstraction for industrial and agricultural use and point source pollution. This study makes a major contribution to research on WES assessment by demonstrating the possibility to understand and to assess the impact of anthropic pressures. Moreover, the proposed matrix method provides an easy tool to support policymakers, public administrations, and private companies within sustainable urban planning. Keywords Urban ecosystem Ecosystem services Water-induced ecosystem services Anthropic influence Scoring matrix ●
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Introduction Ecosystems are large communities of interconnected living organisms that interact with their abiotic environment and establish mutual relationships for the management of the environment they live (Chapin et al. 2002; Klijn 2013). They are generally classified into two types: natural and artificial. Natural ecosystems can reach their balance in
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01369-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Caterina Rosini [email protected] 1
Department of Architecture and Design, Politecnico di Torino, DAD, Viale Mattioli 39, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, DIATI, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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almost complete autonomy, while artificial (i.e., urban, industrial, and agric
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