A shear-rate-dependent flow generated via magnetically controlled metachronal motion of artificial cilia
- PDF / 4,235,383 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 13 Downloads / 211 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
A shear‑rate‑dependent flow generated via magnetically controlled metachronal motion of artificial cilia An Wu1 · S. Z. Abbas1,2 · Z. Asghar3 · H. Sun1 · M. Waqas3 · W. A. Khan1 Received: 21 November 2019 / Accepted: 22 January 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cilia beating is a naturally occurring phenomenon that can be utilized in fluid transport in designing several biomechanical devices. Inspired by the ubiquity of bio-fluids (which are non-Newtonian), we report the characteristics of shear-ratedependent viscosities on fluid flow generated by the wavy propulsion of magnetic cilia. We assume that the metachronal waves of these cilia form a two-dimensional wavy channel, which is filled with generalized Newtonian Carreau liquid. Galilean transformation is employed to relate fixed and moving frames. The constitutive equations are reduced under the classical lubrication assumption. The resulting fourth-order nonlinear differential equations are solved via a perturbation approach using the stream function. The effects of four dominant fluid parameters (shear thinning/thickening, power-law index, and zero- and infinite-shear-rate viscosity), magnetic parameter (Hartmann number), and metachronal wave parameters on fluid velocity, pressure rise per wavelength, and trapping phenomenon are shown in graphical results and explained thoroughly. This study could play an advisory role in designing a magnetic micro-bot useful in the biomedical industry. Keywords Carreau fluid · Ciliated channel · Magnetic effect · Metachronal wave · Stream function · Perturbation technique
1 Introduction
* S. Z. Abbas [email protected] * W. A. Khan [email protected] An Wu [email protected] Z. Asghar [email protected] H. Sun [email protected] M. Waqas [email protected] 1
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan
3
NUTECH School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, National University of Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
In the components of the human bio-system, motile cilia have the fundamental functionality. The axoneme, which is the combination of motility component and cytoskeletal structure, is a type of cilia; it remains conserved in the human bio-system through various processes. These processes include the oviducts, the ventricular system of the spinal cord and brain, the airways, and the embryonic node. Moreover, the occurrence of fundamental cilia is found near to each cell type and is acknowledged as principal hubs for the crossing of signaling flows, concerning the propagation and separation, and for finding left and right asymmetry as well (Bangs and Anderson 2017; Shinohara and Hamada 2017), which is related to motile and non-motile cilia at the embryonic node and its surrounding, respectively. However, cilia can be found anywhere in the body. Likewise, cilia thrust rises in various biological and
Data Loading...
