A Show Trial Under Lenin The Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries,

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STUDIES IN SOCIAL HISTORY

issued by the INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL HISTORY AMSTERDAM

1. W.H. Roobol. Tsereteli - A Democrat in the Russian Revolution. A Political Biography. 1976. ISBN 90-247-1915-1 2. Zvi Rosen. Bruno Bauer and Karl Marx. The Influence of Bruno Bauer on Marx's Thought. 1977. ISBN 90-247-1948-8 3. Marian Sawer. Marxism and the Question of the Asiatic Mode of Production. 1977. ISBN 90-247-2027-3 4. Klaus Frohlich. The Emergence of Russian Constitutionalism. The Relationship Between Social Mobilization and Political Group Formation in Pre-Revolu tionary Russia. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2378-7 5. Fritjof Tichelman. The Social Evolution of Indonesia. The Asiatic Mode of Production and Its Legacy. 1980. ISBN 90-247-2389-2 6. Tom Nieuwenhuis. Politics and Society in Early Modern Iraq. Mamluk Pashas, Tribal Shayks and Local Rule Between 1802 and 1831. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2576-3 7. Marc Jansen. A Show Trial Under Lenin. The Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries, Moscow 1922. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2698-0

SERIES ISBN 90-247-2347-7

A SHOW TRIAL UNDER LENIN The Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries, Moscow 1922

.

by

MARC JANSEN

Translated from the Dutch by Jean Sanders

• .. •••

1982

MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS THE HAGUE/BOSTON/LONDON

Distributors: for the United States and Canada Kluwer Boston Inc. 190 Old Derby Street Hingham, MA 02043 USA for all other countries Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Center P.O. Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht The Netherlands

Published with financial support from the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (ZWO). Library of Congress Card Number: 82-14183

ISBN-I3: 97R-94-009-7608-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-7606-1

c-ISBN-13: 97R-94-009-7606-1

Copyright © 1982 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.o. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands.

CONTENTS List of Illustrations

vi

Preface

vii

List of Abbreviations

xiii

1.

The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Soviet Regime

2.

The Announcement of the Trial and the International Socialist Movement

22

3.

Preparations for the Trial

47

4.

The Treatment of the Accused, Defenders and Witnesses During the Trial

62

5.

The Judicial Investigation

83

6.

The Socialist Revolutionaries Versus the Bolsheviks

105

7.

The Verdict and How It Was Brought About

119

8.

The Propaganda Campaign

141

9.

The Reactions

156

The End

170

Conclusion

186

10.

1

List ofAbbreviations Used in the Notes

196

Notes

197

Bibliography

215

Index

225

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Front cover. Accused and defenders. Seated (left to right). Donskoi, Evgeniia Ratner, Vandervelde, and Gots. Standing third from left Zhdanov, fifth from left Wauters, third from right Timofe