A Shrinking Society Post-Demographic Transition in Japan
This is the book to focus on a new phenomenon emerging in the twenty-first century: the rapidly aging and decreasing population of a well-developed country, namely, Japan. The meaning of this phenomenon has been successfully clarified as the possible
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The world population is expected to expand by 39.4 % to 9.6 billion in 2060 (UN World Population Prospects, revised 2010). Meanwhile, Japan is expected to see its population contract by nearly one-third to 86.7 million, and its proportion of the elderly (65 years of age and over) will account for no less than 39.9 % (National Institute of Population and Social Security Research in Japan, Population Projections for Japan 2012). Japan has entered the post-demographic transitional phase and will be the fastest shrinking country in the world, followed by former Eastern bloc nations, leading other Asian countries that are experiencing drastic changes. A declining population that is rapidly aging impacts a country’s economic growth, labor market, pensions, taxation, health care, and housing. The social structure and geographical distribution in the country will drastically change, and short-term as well as long-term solutions for economic and social consequences of this trend will be required. This series aims to draw attention to Japan’s entering the post-demographic transition phase and to present cutting-edge research in Japanese population studies. It will include compact monographs under the editorial supervision of the Population Association of Japan (PAJ). The PAJ was established in 1948 and organizes researchers with a wide range of interests in population studies of Japan. The major fields are (1) population structure and aging; (2) migration, urbanization, and distribution; (3) fertility; (4) mortality and morbidity; (5) nuptiality, family, and households; (6) labor force and unemployment; (7) population projection and population policy (including family planning); and (8) historical demography. Since 1978, the PAJ has been publishing the academic journal Jinkogaku Kenkyu (The Journal of Population Studies), in which most of the articles are written in Japanese. Thus, the scope of this series spans the entire field of population issues in Japan, impacts on socioeconomic change, and implications for policy measures. It includes population aging, fertility and family formation, household structures, population health, mortality, human geography and regional population, and comparative studies with other countries. This series will be of great interest to a wide range of researchers in other countries confronting a post-demographic transition stage, demographers, population geographers, sociologists, economists, political scientists, health researchers, and practitioners across a broad spectrum of social sciences. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13101
Toshihiko Hara
A Shrinking Society Post-Demographic Transition in Japan
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Toshihiko Hara School of Design Sapporo City University Sapporo, Japan
ISSN 2211-3215 ISSN 2211-3223 (electronic) ISBN 978-4-431-54809-6 ISBN 978-4-431-54810-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-54810-2 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014952220 © Author(s) 2015 This work is subj
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