A Single Digestion Procedure for Determination of Major, Trace, and Rare Earth Elements in Sediments
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A Single Digestion Procedure for Determination of Major, Trace, and Rare Earth Elements in Sediments Lina Carvalho & Ana T. Reis & Eugénio Soares & César Tavares & Rui J. R. Monteiro & Paula Figueira & Bruno Henriques & Carlos Vale & Eduarda Pereira
Received: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The simultaneous determination of major, trace, and rare earth elements in sediments requires the development of specific procedures to prevent interferences. A single digestion method adapted from the EPA method 3051A is proposed for the quantification of 42 elements in sediments by inductively coupled plasma techniques associated with optical emission L. Carvalho : E. Soares : C. Tavares : E. Pereira Central Laboratory of Analysis (LCA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal A. T. Reis EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal A. T. Reis Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal A. T. Reis : R. J. R. Monteiro : P. Figueira : C. Vale Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal A. T. Reis : P. Figueira : B. Henriques : C. Vale : E. Pereira LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal R. J. R. Monteiro : B. Henriques (*) CESAM & Department of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] P. Figueira CICECO & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICPMS). A combination of different acids and microwaveassisted acid extraction following hot plate extraction was tested. Evaluation of applicability range, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, selectivity, repeatability, intermediate precision, and trueness showed the accurate determination of all elements. Selectivity, precision, and trueness values were below the criteria established by the laboratory. The applicability of the proposed method was tested in real sediment samples. For each element, difference between duplicates was lower than the corresponding repeatability limit, with the coefficients of variation ranging between 1.7 and 14%. These results point to the usefulness of this method in multi-element determination of major, minor, trace, and REE in sediment samples, showing its applicability in environmental studies related, namely to sediment characterization, monitoring programs, assessment of environmental impacts, sediment provenance, and post-depositional mechanisms.
Keywords Sediments . Digestion procedure . Multielement quantification . Method validation
1 Introduction Sediments are complex matrixes resulting mainly from weathering process in the watershed, organic matter input, particle transport, bioturbation, and postdepositional chemical reactions (Berner 1980).
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