A smartphone attachment for remote ophthalmic slit lamp examinations
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TECHNICAL PAPER
A smartphone attachment for remote ophthalmic slit lamp examinations Phuong Truong1 • Alex Phan1 • Buu Truong1 • Benjamin Suen1 • Gerrit Melles2 • Frank Talke1 Received: 15 December 2019 / Accepted: 18 May 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A low-cost, self-imaging smartphone attachment has been developed for remote slit lamp examination of the human eye. The device is designed with off-the-shelf optical components and is manufactured using 3D printing. Comparison of images from a traditional slit lamp and our smartphone slit lamp attachment is made. The results show that the quality of the images is comparable with images taken using a standard slit lamp. The smartphone slit lamp can be used for remote eye examinations without the need for a trained medical technician to be present.
1 Introduction Since its invention in 1911, the slit lamp has been an indispensable tool in ophthalmology for the examination of various parts of the human eye such as the cornea, intraocular lens, and the anterior chamber (Martin 2018; Gellrich 2014). In recent years, advancements in digital imaging systems and wireless technology have given rise to a growing number of portable ophthalmic systems for imaging the eye (Mohammadpour et al. 2017; Zvornicanin et al. 2014). A number of efforts has been undertaken to develop novel ophthalmic instruments using smartphonebased systems (Bolster et al. 2014; Hacisoftaoglu and Mahmut 2019). Such devices include mobile phone attachments for retinal imaging in diabetic retinopathy patients, slit lamp microscopes, and visual acuity instruments to name a few (Akkara and Anju 2018a, b; Russo et al. 2015). These devices were designed to be operated by a medical technician or an ophthalmologist who needs to be present to perform the ophthalmic examination. In this paper, we study the design of a low-cost smartphone attachment for slit lamp examination that features a simple and intuitive self-positioning device. With easy selfpositioning, the device can be used by a patient at home or any other location, without the presence of a trained health & Frank Talke [email protected] 1
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
2
Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery (NIIOS – USA), San Diego, CA, USA
care professional. The proposed smartphone attachment can be used to obtain images that can be stored locally and uploaded to a database for remote viewing and evaluation. This allows the use of the device as a screening and monitoring tool by the patient over time. The device is a miniaturized version of a standard slit lamp and projects a fixed width slit of light on the eye for examination of the cornea, the anterior segment, and the intraocular lens. The device is ideally suited for screening or post-surgical examinations that require repeated check-ups. Remote test taking improves healthcare after surgery and allows long term monitoring of the health of the eye remotely.
2 Conve
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