Clinically useful smartphone ophthalmic imaging techniques
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Clinically useful smartphone ophthalmic imaging techniques Amar Pujari 1
&
Gunjan Saluja 1 & Divya Agarwal 1 & Harathy Selvan 1 & Namrata Sharma 1
Received: 25 June 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Imaging devices in ophthalmology are numerous, and most of them are sophisticated and specialized for specific regions of the eye. In addition, these are fixed and involve close interaction of the patient and the examiner; therefore, simple, portable and tele facility–imbibed imaging tools can be considered optimal alternatives to routine exercises. In the last 10 years, utility of smartphones in ophthalmology is being continuously explored to unearth their potential benefits. In this direction, a smartphone device with/without simple attachments has been noted to aid in detailed, high-quality imaging of the ocular adnexa, cornea, angle, iris, lens, optic disc, and the retina including its periphery. In addition, such utility has also been extended in strabismology workup and intraocular pressure measurements. Hence, using these clinician friendly tools and techniques or by devising newer and more comprehensive tool kits, ophthalmic care can be well-managed with apt use of technology. Also, the smartphone companies are encouraged to collaborate with the medical experts to endeavor more, and help and serve the people better. Keywords Smartphones . Smartphone ophthalmic photography . Smartphone in ophthalmology . Smartphone fundus imaging . Photography . iPhone
Introduction Ophthalmology is fast growing, and so are its sub-specialties. The expanding care in each sub-specialty has paved way to development and usage of dedicated diagnostic devices. Utilizing these imaging devices and telecommunication, telemedicine has also evolved substantially over the past decades. With rapidly evolving technology, ophthalmologists need to be shown the possible simple and effective smartphone imaging techniques so as to ease their practices in future. In addition, teleconsultation and opinions from senior medical experts are also possible using these simple tools.
Amar Pujari and Gunjan Saluja are contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04917-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Amar Pujari [email protected] 1
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room no. 212, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
At present, there are a number of imaging devices in ophthalmology, and most of them are sophisticated and specialized for specific regions of the eye, such as anterior segment and/or posterior segment structures. However, these devices are large, stationary, expensive, and expertise-demanding. Hence, simple, portable, inexpensive, and universally handy tools are needed to execute comprehensive ophthalmic examination with automatic storag
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