A study of environmental regulation, technological innovation, and energy consumption in China based on spatial economet
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
A study of environmental regulation, technological innovation, and energy consumption in China based on spatial econometric models and panel threshold models Huan Zhou 1 & Shaojian Qu 2,3,1 & Zhong Wu 1 & Ying Ji 1 Received: 6 December 2019 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Under different technological innovation modes, regional energy consumption may have spatial heterogeneity. Spatial heterogeneity complicates the nexus between environmental regulation and energy consumption. Traditional spatial homogeneity analysis is hard to describe the nonlinear nexus between them. Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2017, this paper employs the spatial econometric method and the nonlinear econometric method to investigate the spatial effects and nonlinearity of energy consumption, respectively. The results display that under the current level of economic development, per capita energy consumption has a significant spatial spillover effect. Environmental regulation promotes regional per capita energy consumption in the short term. On the contrary, the technological effect of environmental regulation has significantly reduced Chinese per capita energy consumption. Therefore, energy policy should be tailored to local conditions, and policymakers can strengthen the environmental regulatory system and encourage enterprises to implement green technology innovation. Keywords Energy consumption . Nonlinear econometric method . Spatial econometric method . Spatial heterogeneity
Introduction Energy is the lifeblood of the national economy and an essential material foundation for the survival and development of human
Responsible editor: Eyup Dogan * Zhong Wu [email protected] Huan Zhou [email protected] Shaojian Qu [email protected] Ying Ji [email protected] 1
Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
2
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
3
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
beings. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese energy has changed from extreme shortage to high abundance, which has provided the fundamental driving force for economic growth and has gradually become an essential engine of economic growth (Song et al. 2011). According to the fourth in a series of reports on the Achievements in Economic and Social Development on the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (National Bureau of Statistics of China 2019), Chinese total energy consumption in 1953 was only 50 million tons of standard coal. In 2018, the energy consumption reached 4.64 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 84.8 times over 1953, with an average annual growth of 7.1%. Currently, China has become the largest energy consumer in the world (Jiang et al. 2018). However, as Chinese fossil energy accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consum
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