A study on the influence of metal (Fe, Bi, and Ag) doping on structural, optical, and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nano
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
A study on the influence of metal (Fe, Bi, and Ag) doping on structural, optical, and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanostructures Samreen Heena Khan 1 & Bhawana Pathak 2 & M H Fulekar 2 Received: 23 April 2020 / Revised: 18 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In present work, the doping of ZnO nanoparticles has been achieved successfully by the addition of intentional impurity in the ZnO lattice by two transitions and one other metal namely iron, silver, and bismuth, respectively (Zn1−xO-Fex, Zn1−xO-Bix, and Zn1−xO-Agx; x = 10%). The aim of the work is to enhance the optical and antimicrobial efficiency of ZnO by doping with different metals and study the effect on structural, morphological, and optical properties. The as-synthesized pure and doped ZnO were characterized using advanced tools i.e. TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, EDX, UV-DRS, BET, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of pure and doped ZnO was tested on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria by agar disc diffusion assay. The significant change was observed in the optical and morphological properties of ZnO after doping clearly due to the influence of dopant ions. Keywords Doping . Antimicrobial . Sonochemical . ZnO
1 Introduction Exploration of the multifunctionality of nanomaterial is the key to nanotechnology [1]. Nanomaterial exhibits exceptional properties than their bulk counterparts because of the influence of quantum confinement effects [2], due to which nanoparticles show high surface to volume ratio leading to higher surface energy, which is responsible for the significant chemical, morphological, mechanical, optical, and magnetic properties [3]. Advance functional materials, metal and metal oxides, are the prime requisite for various applications due to their physical and chemical properties, which can be controlled and tuned as per the application [4]. The preparation of unique nanomaterials with
* Samreen Heena Khan [email protected] * Bhawana Pathak [email protected] 1
School of Nanoscience, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
2
School of Environment & Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
controlled size, shape, and morphology has stimulated wide interest in exploiting their unusual properties and exceptional functions. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are the two most widely studied semiconductors in the field of material science. The majority of the research studies associated either with ZnO or TiO2, but these materials have certain limitation, so the researchers start tuning the property of the material according to the need of the application [5]. ZnO is an environment-friendly, technologically important semiconducting material due to its unique combination of electrical and optical properties [6]. The properties of ZnO can be improved by various surface modifications like doping, co-doping, or making a composite material based on the application [7]. Dopin
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