A suggested approach to site storage resources in transmission planning models
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PERSPECTIVE A suggested approach to site storage resources in transmission planning models
Rao Konidena, Rakon Energy LLC, Roseville, MN, USA Address all correspondence to Rao Konidena at [email protected] (Received 30 July 2020; accepted 24 August 2020)
Abstract Placing a large storage project at one transmission node influences the transmission flows in the model. Hence, planners need an approach that estimates future storage services and logically places storage at multiple transmission nodes. In planning models, it is hard to forecast which service storage might provide at any given hour because storage provides a wide variety of services such as capacity benefit, peaker replacement, reduction in renewable energy curtailment, and ancillary services. But transmission planning models are required to address North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) reliability standards and criteria, with assumptions for planned additions of generation, transmission, and demand response resources. Hence, planners must assume a basic set of services for storage resources. And this paper outlines a suggested approach to site storage resources in planning models by focusing on the generator interconnection queue for utility-scale storage and energy-intensive industries for commercial and industrial customers. Key words: energy generation; energy storage; storage
Background Energy storage provides several services to the electric grid. At the bulk electric system, transmission connected storage resources provide the following services, based on their resource classification: • Generation resource – As a generation resource, storage can provide capacity value to meet the Load Serving Entity (LSE) load obligations. This capacity value is the reason why storage goes through the generator interconnection queue (GIQ). At the end of the interconnection study, storage becomes a capacity resource. Additionally, storage can defer the need for a capacity resource, including peaking resources. Finally, as a generation resource, storage can participate in energy and ancillary services markets such as regulation and
DISCUSSION POINTS • In transmission planning models, where do you place a resource that functions both as a generator and load? • If a resource provides multiple services, how do you prioritize one over the other?
frequency response. Storage must be registered as a market resource to participate in the ancillary services market. • Transmission resource – When classified as a transmission resource, storage can defer the need for a transmission project. Additionally, storage can help reduce transmission congestion on the grid. • Demand response resource – When registered as a demand response resource, storage can function as a load when required to charge – as a benefit to the grid. These resource classifications and storage services are not straight forward. In planning models, it is hard to forecast which service storage might provide at any given hour. But transmission planning models are required to address North Ameri
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