A Survey of Application Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks
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A Survey of Application Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks Mauri Kuorilehto Institute of Digital and Computer Systems, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland Email: [email protected]
¨ ¨ Marko Hannik ainen Institute of Digital and Computer Systems, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland Email: [email protected]
¨ al ¨ ainen ¨ Timo D. Ham Institute of Digital and Computer Systems, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland Email: [email protected] Received 14 June 2004; Revised 23 March 2005 Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are deployed to an area of interest to sense phenomena, process sensed data, and take actions accordingly. Due to the limited WSN node resources, distributed processing is required for completing application tasks. Proposals implementing distribution services for WSNs are evolving on different levels of generality. In this paper, these solutions are reviewed in order to determine the current status. According to the review, existing distribution technologies for computer networks are not applicable for WSNs. Operating systems (OSs) and middleware architectures for WSNs implement separate services for distribution within the existing constraints but an approach providing a complete distributed environment for applications is absent. In order to implement an efficient and adaptive environment, a middleware should be tightly integrated in the underlying OS. We recommend a framework in which a middleware distributes the application processing to a WSN so that the application lifetime is maximized. OS implements services for application tasks and information gathering as well as control interfaces for the middleware. Keywords and phrases: ad hoc networking, distribution, service discovery, task allocation, wireless sensor networks.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in both public and research communities because they are expected to bring the interaction between humans, environment, and machines to a new paradigm. Despite being a fascinating topic with a number of visions of a more intelligent world, there still exists a huge gap in the realizations of WSNs. In this paper, we define WSNs as networks consisting of independent, collaborating nodes that can sense, process, and exchange data as well as act upon the data content. Compared to traditional communication networks, there is no preexisting physical infrastructure that restricts topology. WSNs are typically ad hoc networks [1] but there are major conceptual differences. First, WSNs are data-centric with This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
an objective to deliver time sensitive data to different destinations. Second, a deployed WSN is application-oriented and performs a specific task. Third, messages should not be sen
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