Different Energy Saving Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
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Different Energy Saving Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey Sultan Mahmood Chowdhury1,2 · Ashraf Hossain1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the very active research area. They have many applications like military, health care, environmental monitoring and industrial monitoring. The sensor nodes have limited energy source. Since in many cases the nodes are deployed in unreachable areas, hence recharging or replacing the battery of the sensor nodes is not an option. Therefore, one must employ techniques to conserve the energy by reducing the energy consumption by the nodes. In this paper, we discuss about the different energy saving schemes investigated by different research community in WSNs to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes and thereby improving the lifetime of the overall network. Energy saving protocols such as duty cycle, energy efficient routing, energy efficient medium access control (MAC), data aggregation, cross layer design and error control code (ECC) are discussed. Sleep/wake up method is adopted by the duty cycle approach to reduce the active time of the nodes and conserve their energy. The routing and MAC protocols use suitable energy efficient algorithms for saving energy. The data aggregation aims to save energy by reducing the number of transmissions. On the other side, cross layer approach looks for a cross layer optimization solution to improve the energy efficiency of the network. ECC reduces energy consumption by virtue of coding gain it offers which allows lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to achieve the same bit error rate (BER) as an uncoded system. Some techniques such as use of directional antennas, topology control and transmission power control which have been widely investigated for other ad-hoc networks for energy conservation are also discussed in brief in this paper. Keywords Energy conservation · Energy saving schemes · Lifetime · Survey · Wireless sensor networks
* Sultan Mahmood Chowdhury [email protected] Ashraf Hossain [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, Assam 788010, India
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Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College for Women, Secunderabad, Telangana 500100, India
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S. M. Chowdhury, A. Hossain
1 Introduction Wireless sensor network (WSN) has become a promising research area in recent years. It has many applications such as medical, military, environment monitoring, security and industry. Many research challenges are there in the design of WSN. Among them reduction of energy consumption of the sensor nodes and the overall network to prolong the lifetime of WSNs is of paramount importance. The reason is the sensor nodes are energy constraint and they have limited power capability. Also recharging or replacing the battery in the sensor nodes is not possible in many cases. Therefore, it is necessar
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