A system for real-time intervention in negative emotional contagion in a smart classroom deployed under edge computing s
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A system for real-time intervention in negative emotional contagion in a smart classroom deployed under edge computing service infrastructure Jian Li1 · Daqian Shi2 · Piyaporn Tumnark3 · Hao Xu1,4 Received: 10 September 2019 / Accepted: 23 December 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Literature has indicated that negative emotions may lead students to disengagement in teaching activities. Furthermore, the contagion of negative emotion is similar to infectious disease diffusion that drives more students into negative emotions. However, few methods have been brought forward to intervene in negative emotional contagion in real time, and most of them are limited to interventions of teachers, which are often not timely and even cause students to resist. Intervention in negative emotional contagion in classroom imposes several fundamental challenges on model and system design. In this paper, we address these issues from the following three aspects: (1) to design an emotional contagion model for classroom scene to locate the source of negative emotional contagion; (2) to develop deep learning-based visual emotion recognition system to recognize emotions of all students in the classroom; (3) to design and deploy the emotion recognition system as an edge computing-based service for minimizing response time to achieve multi-person emotional recognition and intervene in real time. We have applied the system to real-world classroom. Our results have shown that the system achieved two objectives: (1) reducing the number of students with negative emotions; (2) reducing response time to achieve real-time recognition and intervention. Meanwhile, this work provides a new perspective on research into emotional contagion in the classroom and smart education. Keywords Intelligent intervention · Emotion recognition · Emotional contagion · Edge computing · Smart classroom · Deep learning · Computer vision
1 Introduction In the classroom, emotions play an important role in the learning processes. Especially, positive emotions, like happiness and relaxed mood, may make students focus their attention on teaching activities, whereas negative emotions, such as anxiety and boredom, may lead them to be vulnerable to surrounding influences and not be able to engage in the learning processes [1–3]. There has been significant research on emotions about learning, but
This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Emerging Trends on Data Analytics at the Network Edge Guest Editors: Deyu Zhang, Geyong Min, and Mianxiong Dong Hao Xu
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one area scarcely explored is emotional contagion in the classroom [4–8]. Emotion contagion happens when a certain emotion in some individuals propagates to other individuals through interactions among them, such as through faceto-face communications [9]. In the classroom scene, the negative emotion may propagate to one student after another, which is similar to i
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