A systematic review of CD14 and toll-like receptors in relation to asthma in Caucasian children
- PDF / 279,618 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.28 x 793.7 pts Page_size
- 97 Downloads / 143 Views
REVIEW
ALLERGY, ASTHMA & CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Open Access
A systematic review of CD14 and toll-like receptors in relation to asthma in Caucasian children Ester MM Klaassen1*, Brenda EJT Thönissen1, Guillaume van Eys2, Edward Dompeling1 and Quirijn Jöbsis1
Abstract The aetiology of childhood asthma is complex. An early dysfunction in the immunological development of the innate immune system in combination with environmental factors possibly triggers asthma. CD14 and toll-like receptors are important components of the innate immune system. The aim of this systematic review was to obtain a better insight into the relation between CD14 and toll-like receptors and childhood asthma in Caucasians. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for relevant articles. In total, 44 articles were included. The quality of the selected studies was independently assessed by the first two authors using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 6, toll-like receptor 9, and toll-like receptor 10 appear to have some association with childhood asthma in Caucasians. The evidence for a relation of CD14 with childhood asthma is limited. In conclusion, there is no convincing evidence yet for a role of CD14 and toll-like receptors in relation to childhood asthma. Future studies should include haplotype analysis and take environmental factors into account to further clarify the role of CD14 and toll-like receptors on childhood asthma. Keywords: Asthma, Caucasian, CD14, Children, Gene expression, Genetic variants, Polymorphisms, TLR, Wheeze
Review Background
Asthma is a common disease in childhood and is characterized by chronic eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway (hyper) responsiveness [1]. Both, genetic and environmental factors have been associated with asthma. The cumulative effect of these factors is large, though the individual contribution of each factor may be limited [2-6]. Also, genetic and environmental factors can modulate each other. As this modulation can differ with age, it can be time dependent [3]. Hence, the aetiology of childhood asthma is complex. It is expected that an early dysfunction in the immunological development of the innate immune system, in combination with environmental factors may trigger childhood asthma [7]. The innate immune system makes the first contact with pathogens. Genetic variations in components of the innate immune system can alter the capability to deal with pathogens. The direction of the innate immune system response can depend on presented * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
environmental signals, like endotoxin exposure [8]. The difference in genetic make-up combined with differences in environmental factors leads to variations in the immune response. Important components of th
Data Loading...
