A Systematic Review of the Techniques for the Automatic Segmentation of Organs-at-Risk in Thoracic Computed Tomography I
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A Systematic Review of the Techniques for the Automatic Segmentation of Organs‑at‑Risk in Thoracic Computed Tomography Images Malvika Ashok1 · Abhishek Gupta1 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 © CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain 2020
Abstract The standard treatment for the cancer is the radiotherapy where the organs nearby the target volumes get affected during treatment called the Organs-at-risk. Segmentation of Organs-at-risk is crucial but important for the proper planning of radiotherapy treatment. Manual segmentation is time consuming and tedious in regular practices and results may vary from experts to experts. The automatic segmentation will produce robust results with precise accuracy. The aim of this systematic review is to study various techniques for the automatic segmentation of organs-at-risk in thoracic computed tomography images and to discuss the best technique which give the higher accuracy in terms of segmentation among all other techniques proposed in the literature. PRISMA guidelines had been used to conduct this systematic review. Three online databases had been used for the identification of the related papers and a query had been formed for the search purpose. The papers were shortlisted based on the various inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four research questions had been designed and answers of those were explored. After reviewing all the techniques, the best technique had been selected and discussed in detail which gave the precise accuracy based on Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff Distance (HD). Both DSC and HD were used in the literature to evaluate the performance of their proposed technique for the automatic segmentation of four organs (esophagus, heart, trachea and aorta). However, the value of these parameters vary as per the validation sample size. Consequently, various challenges faced by the researchers had been listed. This paper includes the summary of the various automatic segmentation techniques for the Organs-at-risk in thoracic computed tomography images in terms of four research questions. Different techniques, Datasets, Performance accuracy and various challenges had been discussed.
1 Introduction Organ-at-risk (OARs) mostly refer to healthy organs which are located near the target volume and may get affected by the radiation exposure during radiation therapy treatment. (OARs) [1–3] are the healthy organs that may be harmed during radiotherapy treatment. The radiotherapy treatment is given to the tumorous organ called target volumes [4]. The primary aim of radiotherapy [5] is to deliver a prescribed dose [6] to the target volume while protecting normal tissue * Abhishek Gupta [email protected] Malvika Ashok [email protected] 1
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir 182320, India
including OARs [7]. The radiation dose given to the target volume kills the cells of the tumour so that it cannot grow further. The high radiation dosages
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