A thermo-kinetic study on co-pyrolysis of oil shale and polyethylene terephthalate using TGA/FT-IR
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
A thermo-kinetic study on co-pyrolysis of oil shale and polyethylene terephthalate using TGA/FT-IR Gamzenur Özsin*,†, Murat Kılıç**, Esin Apaydin-Varol**, Ayşe Eren Pütün***, and Ersan Pütün**** *Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 11210, Bilecik, Turkey **Eskişehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey ***Anadolu University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey ****Anadolu University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Engineering, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey (Received 20 February 2020 • Revised 28 May 2020 • Accepted 12 June 2020) AbstractThis study explored the effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blending during the pyrolysis of oil shale (OS). Dynamic pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis tests at heating rates in the range from 5 to 40 oC/min were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) coupled to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) to determine the kinetic parameters of the process and for online detection of evolved gasses. Pyrolytic decomposition of OS included a multi-stage decomposition process, while PET decomposed only in a single step. The kinetics of pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis was determined via model-free iso-conversional methods, namely Friedman, FWO, Starink, Vyazovkin, in a conversion degree range of 0.1-0.9. The kinetic models were validated with the obtained data to describe pyrolytic and copyrolytic degradation mechanisms, and the regression coefficients were between 0.9823 and 0.9999. The results showed that the activation energy of co-pyrolysis was evidently lower than that of PET or OS pyrolysis. This led to the conclusion that co-pyrolysis could be a potential method for obtaining shale oil due to the synergy between OS and PET. Keywords: Pyrolysis, Kinetics, PET, Oil Shale, Synergetic Effect, TGA/FT-IR
on average may be obtained from OS and extractable shale oil OS is estimated as 3 trillion barrels is known worldwide compared to 1.2 trillion barrels of crude oil known worldwide [13-15]. Therefore, attempts should be made for extraction of shale oil in an economical way to contribute to the future energy prospect of the world. It is thought that co-processing OS with waste plastics during the co-pyrolysis may be a promising method to contribute to the protection of the environment by minimizing and disposing polymeric wastes [16,17]. This is because co-pyrolysis of single or mixed plastics may cause synergetic effects. The reasons behind co-pyrolysis include that hydrogen and radicals from polymers minimize production of hydrogen and hydrocarbon gases and increase oil yield [18-20]. A large number of previous studies have investigated copyrolysis of different OS samples with several synthetic polymers such as LDPE, HDPE and PP [10,21,22]. Based on the experimental findings, signific
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