Optimization Studies of Porous Carbon Preparation from Oil Shale Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Application
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doi: 10.1007/s40242-020-8114-9
Article
Optimization Studies of Porous Carbon Preparation from Oil Shale Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Application for Phenol Adsorption MANSOURI Said1*, MAJDOUBI Hicham2, HADDAJI Younesse2, TAMRAOUI Youssef1, EL ACHABY Mounir1, MANOUN Bouchaib1,3, ABOURRICHE Abdelkrim4, HANNACHE Hassan1,2 and OUMAM Mina2* 1. Materials Science Energy and Nanoengineering Department(MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University(UM6P), Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco; 2. LIMAT-Thermostructural Materials and Polymers Team, Faculty of Science Ben M’sik, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Boulevard Cdt Driss Harti, BP.7955, Ben M'sik, Casablanca, Morocco; 3. UniversitéHassan 1er, Laboratoire des Sciences des Matériaux, des Milieux et de la Mod élisation(LS3M), FST Settat, Morocco; 4. Laboratory Materials, Processes, Environment and Quality, National School of Applied Sciences, Safi, Morocco Abstract This paper discusses the elaboration of adsorbents from oil shale. The experimental design s a response surface methodology(RSM), which has been applied to optimize the significant preparation factors, such as temperature, time, and the activating agent percentage. The results obtained from central composite design(CCD) revealed that the interaction between the factors was significant for the maximum quantity of adsorption(response). Planned results have shown that a maximum quantity of adsorption for methylene blue is 65 mg/g, which could be achieved with a temperature of 275 °C over 2 h and a percentage of the activating agent of 45%. The predicted values agreed with the experimental finding, with a determination coefficient(R2) of 0.96. The model has been validated by experiments after conditions optimization. The new material(RHO) was characterized by cation exchange capacity, zero charge pH, surface functions, X-ray fluorescence, specific surface area, and electron microscopy analysis. Phenol adsorption was determined using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin, which were used to describe the adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity of the material was about 263 mg/g, and the kinetic studies showed rapid adsorption. Keywords Oil shale; Activated carbon; Adsorption; Activation process; Response surface methodology
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Introduction
Liquid industrial effluents pose a great threat to the aquatic environment, which is the main site for the reception of industrial and urban wastes[1,2]. Industrial wastewater has different degrees of toxicity causing enormous environmental and public health nuisances[3—5]. To fight against this dissolved pollution, several researches have been directed towards economically acceptable processes using several techniques, including biological treatments for the biodegradable, electrochemical agents, membrane processes and adsorption techniques[6—8]. These last ones have used many supports like activated carbon commercial, natural products, and industrial waste[9,10]. From this point of view, the use of oil shale as an adsorbent is of great interest bec
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