A viral infection explanation for Kawasaki disease in general and for COVID-19 virus-related Kawasaki disease symptoms
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Inflammopharmacology
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A viral infection explanation for Kawasaki disease in general and for COVID‑19 virus‑related Kawasaki disease symptoms Kevin Roe1 Received: 31 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 June 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract SARS-CoV-2, a new virus that appeared in Wuhan, China, in 2019 has approximately an 80% genomic match to the Severe Acute Respiratory Symptom (SARS) virus, which is known to come from a bat virus. Symptoms of Kawasaki disease in general and incomplete Kawasaki disease have been seen in a subset of pediatric patients having a current or previous infection of SARS-CoV-2. A viral infection, such as a SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, could result in extensive antigen–antibody immune complexes that cannot be quickly cleared in a subset of patients and thus create a type III hypersensitivity immune reaction and cause Kawasaki disease or Kawasaki disease symptoms (also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome) in a subset of patients. Extensive binding of antibodies to viral antigens can create antigen–antibody immune complexes, which, if not eliminated in certain individuals having dysfunctional complement systems, can start inflammatory type III hypersensitivity symptoms, including protease releases that can disrupt epithelium, mesothelium, and endothelium basement membranes, and induce pervasive inflammation throughout the body. This could continue after SARS-CoV-2 infections end if the first wave of protease attacks on basement membranes created new secondary autoantibodies and new uncleared antigen–antibody immune complexes. Keywords Kawasaki disease · Emerging diseases · Virus · Immune system · Zoonosis · Inflammation SARS-CoV-2 virus is a new virus that first appeared in 2019, in Wuhan, China, frequently causing fevers, coughs, diarrhea, fatigue, and numerous deaths (Mao et al. 2020). The SARS-CoV-2 virus matches approximately 80% of the genome of the Severe Acute Respiratory Symptom (SARS) virus, which originated from a bat virus (Ye et al. 2020). Symptoms of Kawasaki disease in general or incomplete Kawasaki disease have been seen in some pediatric patients having a current or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (Jankowicz 2020; Jones et al. 2020; McCrindle et al. 2017; Maggio and Corsello 2015). Kawasaki disease in general, incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease and Kawasaki disease symptoms (also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome) seen in some pediatric patients after SARS-CoV-2 viral infections can be the result of virus infections having high replication rates, such as SARS-CoV-2 virus, creating Kevin Roe: Retired. * Kevin Roe [email protected] 1
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uncleared antigen–antibody immune complexes and type III hypersensitivity immune reaction symptoms, as further discussed below. The most dangerous Kawasaki disease symptoms include coronary artery inflammation and frequent coronary artery aneurysms. Other Kawasaki disease symptoms include systemic inflammation of arteries, organs, and tissues, which can cause s
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