A void growth- and coalescence-dependent anisotropic damage model for polymeric foams
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O R I G I NA L A RT I C L E
Sun-Beom Kwon · Jeong-Dae Kim · Jae-Myung Lee
A void growth- and coalescence-dependent anisotropic damage model for polymeric foams
Received: 21 August 2019 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We present an elastic damage constitutive model for polymeric foam based on thermodynamics framework to consider the effects of anisotropy and the growth and coalescence of cavities. The evolution equation of the proposed model describes the material behavior sustaining anisotropic and unilateral damage. To carry out finite element analysis, the material properties for various polymeric foams are applied to the proposed damage model; we thus implement the proposed damage model in the commercial finite element program as a user-defined material subroutine. In order to validate the proposed anisotropic damage model, the numerical results are compared to the results of a series of tensile and compressive tests on various polymeric foams. Additionally, we propose the failure criterion for this damage model as based on the mass-dependent energy per unit mass at failure. The developed damage model can be used for further research on damage mechanics and finite element analysis of polymeric foams in continuum mechanics. Keywords Polymeric foam · Porosity/voids · Damage mechanics · Anisotropic damage · Finite element analysis (FEA) · Continuum mechanics 1 Introduction Polymeric foams are widely employed throughout various industries, as they possess numerous favorable properties, such as low density, low thermal conductivity, low water absorption and permeability, impact absorption, and dimensional stability [1,2]. The liquefied natural gas (LNG) insulation system implemented in LNG carriers is a notable example of polymeric foam use. For the LNG insulation system, a significant load component is the sloshing impact load, which generates a shock wave. Although the principal load in an LNG insulation system results compressive loading, shock waves may induce tensile stress [3,4]. Therefore, polymeric foams are subjected to both compressive and tensile loading. When a compressive load is applied to polymeric foams, the ductile behavior of the material appears, whereas for some polymeric foams, such as PUF [5,6], R-PUF [7], and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [6,8], the brittle failure behaviors are observed under tensile loading. To date, researchers have performed many experiments and numerical studies that focused on evaluating the structural performance and behavior of polymeric foams. Saint-Michel et al. [9,10] evaluated the mechanical Communicated by Andreas Öchsner. S.-B. Kwon Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA J.-D. Kim · J.-M. Lee (B) Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea E-mail: [email protected]
S.-B. Kwon et al.
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