Anisotropic Cellular Alignment on Nano-Wrinkled Polymeric Surface
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Anisotropic Cellular Alignment on Nano-Wrinkled Polymeric Surface Toshinori Fujie1,2, Francesco Greco1, Silvia Taccola1,3, Leonardo Ricotti3, Arianna Menciassi1,3 and Virgilio Mattoli1 1 Center for MicroBioRobotics IIT@SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy 2 European Biomedical Science Institute (EBSI), Organization for European Studies, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamtsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan 3 Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Polo Sant’Anna Valdera, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy ABSTRACT Convenient preparation of nano/micro scale topography is crucial for the fabrication of low-cost biodevices, which could be useful tools for understanding cell biology mechanisms and for the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Such intelligent surfaces have been conventionally fabricated through photolithography, micro-contact printing, and nano/micro imprinting. However, considering the process integration, these approaches are not always adequate in order to produce large dimensional patterns in a convenient and rapid way. In this study, we focused on the convenient fabrication of nano-wrinkles based on the elastic instability between a shape memory polymer sheet and a conductive polymeric film, on which the behavior of murine skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) was evaluated. A tens-of-nm-thick layer of poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was spincoated on a thermoretractable polymer sheet. Then, thermal treatment produced different periodicity of the unidirectional nano-wrinkles on the polymer sheet covered with different thickness of PEDOT:PSS layer. Finally, adhesion and proliferation of C2C12 were evaluated, comparing different samples. The cells preferentially adhered and anisotropically aligned on low and narrow ridges (1.5 μm height) rather than on high and wide ones (2.5 μm height). Furthermore, we observed that these trends were confirmed in the differentiation stage of C2C12 into myotubes. The combination of living cells and tunable nano-wrinkles made of conductive polymeric materials will represent a unique tool for the development of innovative biomedical devices. INTRODUCTION Nano/micro scale topography promotes unique cell culture environment, which is a useful tool for understanding cell biology mechanisms, as well as for the development of scaffolds for tissue-engineering. [1]. Up to date, such intelligent surfaces have been fabricated through photolithography, micro-contact printing, nano/micro imprinting etc. However, considering process integration, these approaches are not always adequate in order to produce large dimensional patterns in a convenient way. Wrinkles are self-organizing hierarchical structures produced by means of the mismatch between the elastic properties of a two-layer composite [2]. Recently, Khine et al introduced a rapid and inexpensive approach to prepare nano-wrinkled metal surface by utilizing shape memory polymer sheets without involving
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