A wetland plant, Phalaris arundinacea , accumulates nitrogen and phosphorus during senescence
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
A wetland plant, Phalaris arundinacea, accumulates nitrogen and phosphorus during senescence Xunbing Huang 1 & Shutong Lei 1,2
&
Guanqun Wang 1 & Bo Zeng 2
Received: 17 June 2019 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Secondary pollution resulting from shoot death is a difficult problem that complicated the application of wetland plants for water purification in northern wetlands. Phalaris arundinacea, a perennial herb with an obviously declining stage, or senescence, is a species that is often selected for water purification in Northern China; however, whether it reduces the secondary pollution risk via nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation during senescence or not remains unclear. To investigate this question, an experiment was conducted with containerized plants during the winter of 2016, after roughly half the leaves on the plants had withered. The experimental observations and analyses were conducted within 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of the initiation of senescence. Results revealed that leaves continued to wither and shoot death occurred during weeks 4 to 6 and 8 to 10, respectively. However, no significant differences occurred in fresh biomass or in N and P accumulations of a single plant during senescence. The root biomass, root weight per volume, and total N content increased significantly, while total P content remained stable when leaves withered, respectively. H+-ATPase, a key enzyme for ion transportation, decreased after the leaves withered. However, root activity, evaluated by absorption surface per root volume, remained stable, and percentage of fine root length (diameter < 1 mm) increased significantly during senescence. In conclusion, the root activity and morphology enables P. arundinacea to accumulate N and P during senescence, which makes it a good choice for water purification in northern wetlands. Keywords Wetland plant . Phalaris arundinacea . Senescence . Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation . H+-ATPase . Root activity
Introduction For decades, constructed wetlands have been widely used for water purification (Fountoulakis et al. 2017; Pelissari et al. 2017), specifically for removing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contaminants from domestic sewage (Vymazal and Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Shutong Lei [email protected] * Bo Zeng [email protected] 1
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection; College of Agricultural and Forestry Science; Library of Linyi University, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
2
Key laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Kröpfelová 2011; Almeida et al. 2017). A number of wetland plant species have been evaluated by their purification efficiency (Rodriguez and Brisson 2016; Button et al. 2016), such as Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis (Liu et al. 2012; Vymazal and Březinová 2018). Previous studi
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