Seasonal physiological responses and biomass growth in a bioenergy crop ( Phalaris arundinacea L.) under elevated temper
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Seasonal physiological responses and biomass growth in a bioenergy crop (Phalaris arundinacea L.) under elevated temperature and CO2, subjected to different water regimes in boreal conditions Zhen-Ming Ge & Seppo Kellomäki & Xiao Zhou & Heli Peltola & Kai-Yun Wang & Pertti J. Martikainen
Published online: 10 December 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2011
Abstract We investigated the seasonal variability of effects of elevated temperature (+3.5°C), CO 2 elevation (700 μmol mol−1) and varying water regimes (high to low water content) on physiological responses and biomass growth of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L., local field-grown cultivar) grown in a boreal environment. In controlled environment greenhouses, various physiological and growth parameters of grass, i.e., light-saturated net photosynthetic rates (Pnmax), water use efficiency (WUE) and optimal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and leaf area development and biomass of plant organs (leaf, stem, coarse, and fine root) were measured. During the early measurement periods, elevated temperature enhanced leaf photosynthesis and above-ground biomass of reed canary grass; however, this resulted in earlier senescence and lower biomass at the end of measurement period, compared to ambient temperature. This effect was more pronounced under water limitation. Elevated CO2 enhanced Pnmax, WUE, and leaf area and total plant biomass (above- and below-ground) over growing season. The explanation Z.-M. Ge School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China Z.-M. Ge (*) : S. Kellomäki : X. Zhou : H. Peltola : K.-Y. Wang School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland e-mail: [email protected] P. J. Martikainen Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
for imbalance between stimulated photosynthesis and increase in above-ground biomass was that CO2 enrichment causes a greater increase in the plant’s root system. The combination of elevated temperature and CO2 slightly increases the growth of plant. Adequate water availability favored photosynthesis and biomass growth of reed canary grass. The temperature- and droughtinduced stresses were partially mitigated by elevated CO2. Other cultivars should be tested in order to identify those that are better adapted to elevated temperatures and CO2 and variable water levels. Keywords Climate change . Water conditions . Photosynthesis . Biomass . Phalaris arundinacea L. . Boreal zone
Introduction In Northern Europe (e.g., Finland and Sweden), the area under cultivation of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) as a bioenergy crop is rapidly increasing. The crop is generally cultivated for bioenergy as an after-use option on drained, cut-over, peat mining sites [1]. Consequently, an important question is how to optimize the biomass production of reed canary grass and the carbon balance of sites with organic soil [2–4]. Abandone
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