ABDUCTIVE REASONING LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO DISCOVERY AND EXPLAN
Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on
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SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Editors-in-Chief:
VINCENT F. HENDRICKS, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark JOHN SYMONS, University of Texas at El Paso, U.S.A.
Honorary Editor: JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University, U.S.A.
Editors: DIRK VAN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University of Groningen, The Netherlands TEDDY SEIDENFELD, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.A. PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California, U.S.A. JAN WOLEN´SKI, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
VOLUME 330
ABDUCTIVE REASONING LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO DISCOVERY AND EXPLANATION by
ATOCHA ALISEDA National Autonomous University of Mexico
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13
1-4020-3906-9 (HB) 978-1-4020-3906-5 (HB) 1-4020-3907-7 (e-book) 978-1-4020-3907-2 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.
To Rodolfo
Contents
Dedication Foreword Part I
v xi
Conceptual Framework
1. LOGICS OF GENERATION AND EVALUATION 1 Introduction 2 Heuristics: A Legacy of the Greeks 3 Is There a Logic of Discovery? 4 Karl Popper and Herbert Simon 5 Logics for Scientific Methodology 6 Discussion and Conclusions
3 3 4 6 12 21 24
2. WHAT IS ABDUCTION? 1 Introduction 2 What is Abduction? 3 The Founding Father: C.S. Peirce 4 Philosophy of Science 5 Artificial Intelligence 6 Further Fields of Application 7 A Taxonomy for Abduction
27 27 28 35 37 39 43 46
viii Part II
ABDUCTIVE REASONING
Logical Foundations
3. ABDUCTION AS LOGICAL INFERENCE 1 Introduction 2 Logic: The Problem of Demarcation 3 Abductive Explanatory Argument: A Logical Inference 4 Abductive Explanatory Inference: Structural Characterization 5 Discussion and Conclusions 4. ABDUCTION AS COMPUTATION 1 Introduction 2 Semantic Tableaux 3 Abductive Semantic Tableaux 4 Computing Abductions with Tableaux 5 Further Logical and Computational Issues 6 Discussion and Conclusions Part III
53 53 54 64 75 89 95 95 98 106 110 118 129
Applications
5. SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION 1 Introduction 2 Scientific Explanation as Abduction 3 Discussion and Conclusions
135 135 135 146
6. EMPIRICAL PROGRESS 1 Introduction 2 Kuipers’ Empirical Progress 3 Empirical Progress in (Abductive) Semantic Tableaux 4 Discussion and Conclusions
153 153 156 160 165
7. PRAGMATISM 1 Introduction 2 Pragmatism 3 Abduction and Epistemology 4 Pragmatism Revisited 5 Discussion and Conclusions
167 167 168 170 1
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