Abiotic Stress Tolerance Research Using-Omics Approaches
The effects of abiotic stress on banana production become increasingly important, but the molecular processes behind tolerance still remain largely unknown. As the genome sequence is now publically available and cutting-edge high-throughput -omics technol
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Abiotic Stress Tolerance Research Using-Omics Approaches Ewaut Kissel and Sebastien C. Carpentier
Abstract
The effects of abiotic stress on banana production become increasingly important, but the molecular processes behind tolerance still remain largely unknown. As the genome sequence is now publically available and cutting-edge high-throughput -omics technologies emerge, there lay multiple opportunities in the offing to close the knowledge gap. This chapter gives an overview of the molecular work that has already been performed on abiotic stress tolerance in banana. This research is mostly oriented towards cold and drought, while that on nutrient deficiencies is still lagging behind. Promising results as well as important gaps are formulated, and recommendations for future abiotic stress tolerance research are proposed. We show how new -omics technologies and the integration thereof enable a holistic view on abiotic stress tolerance in banana and can enhance our knowledge. Additionally, special emphasis is placed on the ultimate importance of phenotyping and a good definition of tolerance in the context of decent molecular research in this area. Keywords
Musa • Abiotic stress • Proteomics • Genomics • Transcriptomics
6.1 E. Kissel Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium S.C. Carpentier (*) Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium SYBIOMA facility for systems biology based mass spectrometry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Until now, the main focus of molecular research on banana was oriented towards biotic constraints, even though, in some regions, e.g. East Africa, it is reported that abiotic constraints already override biotic constraints as main limiting factors for yield, with an emphasis on nutrient deficiencies and drought (Wairegi et al. 2010). As abiotic stress research is already
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 S. Mohandas, K.V. Ravishankar (eds.), Banana: Genomics and Transgenic Approaches for Genetic Improvement, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1585-4_6
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u nderrepresented in molecular banana research, reports on the molecular mechanisms behind tolerance are even scarcer. Furthermore, molecular technologies become rapidly more advanced and relatively less expensive, and the banana genome sequence reveals more and more of its secrets. Therefore, high-throughput profiling studies are increasingly becoming the standard in molecular plant research, and already some core processes during abiotic stress could be well described in model species. For these reasons, we intend to give an overview of the current state of molecular research on abiotic stress tolerance in banana and formulate future opportunities in this field. A special emphasis is put on the importance of phenotyping and the use of a solid definition on tolerance as the basis for decent molecular research. Ultimately, the plant phenotype is driven by the operation of genes to regula
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