Acceleration of tissue phase mapping by k-t BLAST: a detailed analysis of the influence of k-t-BLAST for the quantificat
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Acceleration of tissue phase mapping by k-t BLAST: a detailed analysis of the influence of k-t-BLAST for the quantification of myocardial motion at 3T Anja Lutz1*, Axel Bornstedt1, Robert Manzke2, Patrick Etyngier3, G Ulrich Nienhaus4, Volker Rasche1
Abstract Background: The assessment of myocardial motion with tissue phase mapping (TPM) provides high spatiotemporal resolution and quantitative motion information in three directions. Today, whole volume coverage of the heart by TPM encoding at high spatial and temporal resolution is limited by long data acquisition times. Therefore, a significant increase in imaging speed without deterioration of the quantitative motion information is required. For this purpose, the k-t BLAST acceleration technique was combined with TPM black-blood functional imaging of the heart. Different k-t factors were evaluated with respect to their impact on the quantitative assessment of cardiac motion. Results: It is demonstrated that a k-t BLAST factor of two can be used with a marginal, but statistically significant deterioration of the quantitative motion data. Further increasing the k-t acceleration causes substantial alteration of the peak velocities and the motion pattern, but the temporal behavior of the contraction is well maintained up to an acceleration factor of six. Conclusions: The application of k-t BLAST for the acceleration of TPM appears feasible. A reduction of the acquisition time of almost 45% could be achieved without substantial loss of quantitative motion information.
Background Quantification of myocardial mechanics is supposed to provide an improved understanding of cardiac motion as well as to enable a more detailed assessment of certain myocardial diseases such as cardiac insufficiency. A major limitation in quantification of cardiac function is the long measurement time required for three-dimensional (3D) velocity encoded imaging. However, in diagnosis and staging of certain cardiac diseases and for therapy selection, 3D functional information of the myocardial motion appears mandatory. Especially for the selection of patients eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), quantification of the 3D-cardiac motion appears paramount to reduce or completely
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, BadenWürttemberg, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
avoid non-responders, which represent 30% of treated patients using current selection criteria [1]. Four main approaches have been introduced for the assessment of myocardial mechanics including tagging [2-4], displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) [5-8], strain encoding (SENC) [9] and tissue phase mapping (TPM) [10-14], which has also been introduced as phase contrast velocity encoded imaging [15,16] of tissue. In the tagging technique, lines or a grid are mapped onto the myocardium by either spatial modulation techniques [2,3] or a DANTE pulse train in the prese
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