Achieving Urban Water Security: a Review of Water Management Approach from Technology Perspective
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Achieving Urban Water Security: a Review of Water Management Approach from Technology Perspective Yin Su 1,2 & Weijun Gao 2 & Dongjie Guan 3 & Tai’an Zuo 4 Received: 17 July 2019 / Accepted: 7 September 2020/ # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
The term water security (WS) shows an overwhelming superiority in both policy and academic circles. Firstly, the paper reviews the multiple interpretations of WS. Specifically, we emphasize that urban water security (UWS), as one of the human sustainable development goal, consists of three pillars: water resources security focusing on water scarcity issue; water environment security focusing on water pollution issue, and water disasters security focusing on water-related hazards and vulnerability issue. Secondly, it compares and contrasts the development backgrounds and properties of three water management approaches to UWS–integrated water management, adaptive water management, and intelligence-based water management (skill and equipment intensive). Thirdly, it mainly discusses the development situation of smart water grid and lessons learned from intelligent (smart) water management. Finally, this paper presents the achievements and challenges of the water management approaches. Although every water management approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, our comparison can provide a map for water policy makers and stockholder companies to guide the future development of water management and realizing UWS. Keywords Water security . Water management . Integration . Adaptation . Intelligence
* Dongjie Guan [email protected]
1
College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Huaxi Dist, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, China
2
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
3
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, No.66 Xuefu Rd., Nan’an Dist, Chongqing 400074, China
4
College of Ecological Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, NO. 1 Xueyuan Rd., Qixingguan Dist, Bijie 551700 Guizhou, China
Su Y. et al.
1 Introduction Water security (WS), as a macroscopic and holistic concept, was first put forward during the 2nd World Water Forum in 2000 (Savenije and Van der Zaag 2008). The concept and framing has been discussed by scholars and organizations with different professional backgrounds from different perspectives. WWC ( 2000) considers WS involves four specific targets: first, protecting water-related ecosystems; second, achieving political stability and sustainable development; third, ensuring that everyone has access to safe water; and fourth, ensuring that the vulnerable are protected from water risks. The USEPA (2006) and FAO (2008), however, focused on water pollution and agricultural water of WS, respectively. UNESCO (2009) emphasized on safety in water-related hazards, as well as water services, while UN-Water (2013) defined it as a capacity that ensures sustainable water use for current and future generati
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