Water quality analysis of surface water: a Web approach
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Water quality analysis of surface water: a Web approach Poonam Prasad & Meenal Chaurasia & R. A. Sohony & Indrani Gupta & R. Kumar
Received: 25 April 2012 / Accepted: 6 November 2012 / Published online: 14 December 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract The chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water with respect to its suitability describe its quality. Concentration of pesticides or fertilisers degrades the water quality and affects marine life. A comprehensive environmental data information system helps to perform and complete common tasks in less time with less effort for data verification, data calculations, graph generation, and proper monitoring, which helps in the further mitigation step. In this paper, focus is given to a web-based system developed to express the quality of water in the imprecise environment of monitoring data. Water samples were analyzed for eight different surface water parameters, in which four parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and fecal coliform were used for the water quality index calculation following MPCB Water Quality Standards of class A-II for best designated use. The analysis showed that river points in a particular year were in very bad category with certainty level of 0–38 % which is unsuitable for drinking purposes; samples in bad category had certainty level that ranged from 38 to 50 %; samples in medium to good category had certainty levels from 50 to 100 %, and the remaining
P. Prasad (*) : M. Chaurasia : R. A. Sohony : I. Gupta : R. Kumar CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India e-mail: [email protected]
samples were in good to excellent category, suitable for drinking purposes, with certainty levels from 63 to 100 %. Keywords Water quality analysis . Web based . Environment . Monitoring . Surface water . Outlier
Introduction Drinking water quality, quantity and availability are the most important issues as mentioned by Dahiya et al. (2007). Monitoring of water quality and decision making on the data are challenging however attempts have been made to get the water quality index using parameter (Parmar and Parmar 2010). Information on the status and changing weightage should be varied on the basis of the season, rainfall, water intake of individuals, ambient temperature, and occupational, residential, and other environmental factors (Dahiya et al. 2007; Alberta Sustainable Resource Development Communications 2012). Important source of water for human being comes from the surface water bodies which is now under sever environmental stress due to developmental activities. Most of the water bodies disappeared due to encroachment and pollution as mentioned by Yogendra and Puttaiah (2008). The surface water quality in a region largely depends on the nature and extent of the industrial, agricultural, and other anthropogenic activities in the
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catchments. The dynamic nature and easy accessibility for the waste disposal directly or indirectly affects the river system as mentioned by Daneshmand
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