Acid hydrolysis optimization of pomegranate peels waste using response surface methodology for ethanol production
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Acid hydrolysis optimization of pomegranate peels waste using response surface methodology for ethanol production Ayesha Saleem 1 & Ali Hussain 2 Afia Muhammad Akram 1
&
Asma Chaudhary 1 & Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad 1 & Mehwish Iqtedar 3 & Arshad Javid 2 &
Received: 7 July 2020 / Revised: 13 October 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Agro-industrial wastes can be processed into valuable products. Successively, current investigation is an effort to optimize the acid hydrolysis of pomegranate peels waste (PPW) using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) for ethanol production. Concentration of sulfuric acid, temperature, and time of hydrolysis were used as dependent variables, whereas reducing sugars, total carbohydrates, extractives, weight loss, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents were recorded as responses for PPW decomposition. The highest glucose level of 0.56 ± 0.04 mg mL−1 (with 5% acid concentration at 100 °C for 30 min) and carbohydrate contents of 1.53 ± 0.07 mg mL−1 (with 3% acid concentration at 75 °C for 45 min) were obtained. Subsequently, detoxification of hydrolysate was conducted employing 2.5% activated charcoal that reduced 62% of phenolic compounds. Detoxified hydrolysate was subjected to fermentation by ethanologenic yeasts: Metschnikowia sp. Y31, Metschnikowia cibodasensis Y34, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7 for 10 days experiment. Significant ethanol yield of 0.42 ± 0.08 g g−1 was noticed by Metschnikowia sp. Y31 on day 5 and 0.41 ± 0.07 g g−1 for Metschnikowia cibodasensis Y34 on day 2. The results demonstrated the hopeful prospect for bioethanologenesis using cellulosic wastes at marketable level. Keywords Bioenergy . Biofuels . Biomass valorization . Fruit wastes . Statistical optimization . Waste management
1 Introduction Waste management measures comprise of all the proceedings requisite to handle waste from its collection to disposal. The indecent disposal of wastes consequences the unhygienic environment that leads to pollution. Incineration and land filling are the general practices executed for waste management in Pakistan [1–3]. To reduce the piles of agro-industrial wastes, 3 R (reduce, reuse, recycle) strategy was also proposed to recuperate energy and management of municipal waste. Although these strategies can lessen the amount of waste to a huge
* Ali Hussain [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
amount, they also cause significant ecological contamination [4–6]. Alternately, an excellent way of waste management is its conversion into such valuable products that can be further used for mankind. In this regard, production of biofuels such as bioeth
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