Acoustic Rhinometry
Acoustic rhinometry was introduced as an objective tool for the assessment of the nasal cavity geometry in 1989 by Hilberg et al. Acoustic rhinometry is potentially useful in the assessment of the nasal cavity geometry, nasal patency and the results of va
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Evren Hizal and Ozcan Cakmak
Keywords
Acoustic rhinometry • Nasal cavity • Nasal valve • Paranasal sinus • Inferior turbinate • Middle turbinate • Paranasal sinus ostia • Nasal cavity volume • Decongestion • Limitations
Abbreviations AR CT MRI
Acoustic rhinometry Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging
Core Messages
• Acoustic rhinometry technique is principally based on the computation of cross-sectional area–distance curves from the analysis of the reflected sound waves by the anatomical structures in the nasal cavity. • Acoustic rhinometry measurements of the healthy adult nasal cavity are reasonably
E. Hizal, MD (*) Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baskent University, 5. Sokak No: 48, 06500 Ankara, Cankaya, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] O. Cakmak, MD Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Acibadem University, Tekin Sok. No: 8, 34718 Istanbul, Kadikoy, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
accurate to the level of the paranasal sinus ostia. Beyond this point, acoustic rhinometry overestimates cross-sectional areas. • The nasal valve is identified by a pronounced minimum (the first minimum after the nostril) on the acoustic rhinometry area–distance curve. However, the second, third and fourth local minima on the acoustic rhinometry area– distance curve do not correspond to any anatomic structure in the nasal passage. These three minima are caused by acoustic resonances in the portion of the nasal cavity beyond the nasal valve. • Acoustic rhinometry fails to provide quantitative information about paranasal sinus volume, paranasal sinus ostium size, nasal cavity volume between the nostril and choana and the effects of decongestion on the volume of the nasal mucosa. The diagnostic value of this method is limited with the anterior part of the nasal cavity. • Clinical studies that do not take the limitations of the technique into account may easily lead to misinterpretations.
T.M. Önerci (ed.), Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-37250-6_26, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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E. Hizal and O. Cakmak
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Introduction
Acoustic rhinometry (AR) was introduced as an objective tool for the assessment of the nasal cavity geometry in 1989 by Hilberg (Hilberg et al. 1989). AR measurements require minimum patient cooperation and can be performed practically, quickly and easily. Due to its advantages, the technique is widely accepted in a short time. Clinical applications of acoustic rhinometry include determination of the localisation and degree of an intranasal anatomic pathology that affects nasal patency, evaluation of the results of a nasal surgery such as septoplasty and turbinate surgery, assessment of the effects of medications on the nose that are used systemically or topically and comparison of different therapeutic methods. Furthermore, AR gives idea about the reversible component of the nasal obstruction as the measurements before and after decongestion of the nose can be compared. In other
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