Acute and chronic effects of static stretching at 100% versus 120% intensity on flexibility
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Acute and chronic effects of static stretching at 100% versus 120% intensity on flexibility Taizan Fukaya1,2 · Shingo Matsuo3 · Masahiro Iwata3,4 · Eiji Yamanaka5 · Wakako Tsuchida6 · Yuji Asai3 · Shigeyuki Suzuki7 Received: 16 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose The acute effects of static stretching have been frequently studied, but the chronic effects have not been studied concurrently. Thus, this study aimed to investigate both the acute and chronic effects of static stretching at different intensities on flexibility. Methods Twenty-three healthy men were randomly assigned to perform 1 min of static stretching 3 days/week for 4 weeks at 100% intensity (n = 12) or 120% intensity (n = 11). The acute effects of stretching were assessed by measuring the range of motion (ROM), peak passive torque, and passive stiffness before and after every stretching session; the chronic effects of stretching were assessed by measuring these outcomes at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of stretching. Results Compared with the 100% intensity group, the 120% intensity group had significantly greater acute increases in ROM after all 12 sessions, a significantly greater decrease in passive stiffness after 11 of 12 sessions, and a significantly greater increase in peak passive torque after six of 12 sessions. Regarding the chronic effects, ROM was significantly increased in both groups after 2 and 4 weeks of stretching. Peak passive torque significantly increased in the 100% intensity group after 2 and 4 weeks of stretching, and after 4 weeks in the 120% intensity group. Conclusion Stretching at 120% intensity resulted in significantly greater acute improvements in ROM, peak passive torque, and stiffness than stretching at 100% intensity. Four weeks of stretching increased ROM and peak passive torque but did not decrease passive stiffness, regardless of the stretching intensity. Keywords Static stretching · Stretching intensity · Flexibility · Passive stiffness · Acute effects · Chronic effects Abbreviations MTU Muscle–tendon unit ROM Range of motion SPT Static passive torque
Introduction Stretching is commonly performed in sports and rehabilitation. Static stretching involves passively stretching the target muscle to a new length and holding this for some
Communicated by Olivier Seynnes. * Shingo Matsuo matsuo@n‑fukushi.ac.jp 1
Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami‑cho, Kita‑ku, Niigata, Niigata 950‑3198, Japan
Department of Rehabilitation, Kyoto Kujo Hospital, 10 Karahashirajoumon‑cho, Minami‑ku, Kyoto 601‑8453, Japan
2
3
Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University, 26‑2 Higashihaemi‑cho, Handa, Aichi 475‑0012, Japan
4
Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1‑1‑20 Daiko‑Minami, Higashi‑ku, Nagoya 461‑8673, Japan
5
Department of Rehabilitatio
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