Acute oral toxicity study on Wistar rats fed microalgal protein hydrolysates from Bellerochea malleus
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NANOTECHNOLOGY, NANOPOLLUTION, NANOTOXICOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE (NNNN)
Acute oral toxicity study on Wistar rats fed microalgal protein hydrolysates from Bellerochea malleus Ines Barkia 1 & Hanen Ketata Bouaziz 2 & Tahiya Sellami Boudawara 3 & Lotfi Aleya 4 & Ali Faouzi Gargouri 5 & Nazamid Saari 1 Received: 9 October 2018 / Accepted: 14 December 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides from various protein sources have demonstrated their effectiveness for the prevention of illness and the improvement of symptoms from several diseases. In particular, the use of microalgae to generate bioactive peptides has received a growing interest because of their potential to be cultivated on non-arable land and high nutritional value. However, scant research is available on the toxicity of peptide-based preparations. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of microalgal protein hydrolysates (MPH) from one marine species of microalgae (Bellerochea malleus) to determine the feasibility of their use for functional food applications. Results showed that the oral administration of MPH at three doses (D1, 100 mg kg−1 BW; D2, 400 mg kg−1 BW; and D3, 2000 mg kg−1 BW) to male Wistar rats did not induce any adverse effects or mortality up to13 days of treatment. Data analysis of relative organ weights and biochemical and hematological parameters did not show any significant differences between control and treated groups at the three doses investigated. Data from histopathological observations did not reveal any signs of major toxicity at the doses D1 and D2. However, mild signs of inflammation and necrosis were observed in the kidney of rats fed MPH at D3. All together, these results reveal the overall safety of MPH and provide new evidence for advocating their use for functional food or nutraceutical applications. Keywords Microalgal protein hydrolysates . Toxicity . Liver . Kidney . Rats
Introduction Numerous bioactive compounds from food play an important role in the promotion of health and treatment of several chronic Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Lotfi Aleya [email protected] 1
Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax,, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
3
Histopathology Laboratory, University of Sfax, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
4
Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Besançon, France
5
Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eucaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), CHU Habib Bourguiba,, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
diseases beyond basic nutrition. Among these compounds, small-sized peptides are originally inactive within their protein sequence but become potentially active once released during the enzymatic proteolysis. These peptides can act as hormone-like compounds or promoters of physiological functions (Mohanty et al. 2016). For example, β-casomorphins and casein-derived phosphopeptid
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