Protein Hydrolysates in Biotechnology
The protein hydrolysates industry is growing rapidly yet there is no single book that describes the challenges and opportunities for manufacturers and end users, techniques used in manufacturing, characterization and screening of protein hydrolysates, the
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Vijai K. Pasupuleti Arnold L. Demain ●
Editors
Protein Hydrolysates in Biotechnology
Editors Vijai K. Pasupuleti SAI International, Inc. Geneva, IL USA [email protected]
Arnold L. Demain Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti (R.I.S.E.) Drew University Madison, NJ USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4020-6673-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6674-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6674-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010934419 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover Picture: copyright Kerry Bio-Science Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Protein hydrolysates, otherwise commonly known as peptones or peptides, are used in a wide variety of products in fermentation and biotechnology industries. The term “peptone” was first introduced in 1880 by Nagelli for growing bacterial cultures. However, later it was discovered that peptones derived from the partial digestion of proteins would furnish organic nitrogen in readily available form. Ever since, peptones, which are commonly known as protein hydrolysates, have been used not only for growth of microbial cultures, but also as nitrogen source in commercial fermentations using animal cells and recombinant microorganisms for the production of value added products such as therapeutic proteins, hormones, vaccines, etc. Today, the characterization, screening and manufacturing of protein hydrolysates has become more sophisticated, with the introduction of reliable analytical instrumentation, high throughput screening techniques coupled with statistical design approaches, novel enzymes and efficient downstream processing equipment. This has enabled the introduction of custom-built products for specialized applications in diverse fields of fermentation and biotechnology, such as the following. 1. Protein hydrolysates are used as much more than a simple nitrogen source. For example, the productivities of several therapeutic drugs made by animal cells and recombinant microorganisms have been markedly increased by use of protein hydrolysates. This is extremely important when capacities are limited. 2. Protein hydrolysates are employed in the manufacturing of vaccines by fermentation processes and also used as vaccine stabilizers. 3. Protein hydrolysates are being used in large-scale industrial fermentations as sources of nitrogen and unknown growth factors, such as certain peptides, etc. They are also useful in diagnostic media to grow microorganisms in Petri plates and to detect pathogens and perform antibiotic sensitivity tests. 4. Protein hydrolysates are
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