Acute Otitis Media
Acute otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear cavity and may present in different forms. The middle ear is considered sterile. Obstruction of the eustachian tube is an important contributive factor for acute otitis media. Upper respiratory tract in
- PDF / 1,862,068 Bytes
- 6 Pages / 613.276 x 808.866 pts Page_size
- 104 Downloads / 202 Views
Chapter 1 Ear
1.6 Acute Otitis Media a
Fig. 1.6.1 (a) Normal tympanic membrane. The short process of the malleus and malleus handle is seen. The tympanic membrane is transparent, sometimes allowing the long process of the incus and
Fig. 1.6.2 Otitic barotrauma (hemotympanum). The tympanic membrane appears blue due to hemorrhagic fluid collected in the middle ear. It is due to an inability to ventilate the middle ear following an abnormal function of the eustachian tube. Otitic barotrauma is usually seen during descent in flight or during scuba diving. No treatment is needed. If there is associated upper respiratory tract infection or allergy, topical and systemic oral decongestants with antihistamines may help recovery. To prevent further episodes the patients are advised not to go scuba diving when their nose is obstructed because of the difficulty of inflating the eustachian tube. Frequent flyers and regular sufferers are advised to use prophylactic measures to prevent eustachian tube problems, such as topical nasal decongestants and chewing gum etc.
b
promontorium to be seen. Note the light reflex in the anteroinferior quadrant of the membrane. (b) Eustachian tube dysfunction. Note the vascularization along the manubrium mallei
1.6 Acute Otitis Media
a
b b
c
Fig. 1.6.3 Bullous myringitis in (a) the right ear and (b) the left ear. The malleus handle is hardly visible. Bullous myringitis is due to a viral or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection of the tympanic membrane. There is severe ear pain, but no hearing loss. Draining the blebs may provide immediate relief from pain. Only the outer epithelial layer should be punctured. Complete puncturing of the tympanic membrane may result in perforation
Fig. 1.6.4 Acute otitis media, hyperemia stage. (a) Hyperemia in the attic region of the left ear; the patient complains of ear pain only for the last one hour (b) Hyperemia in the attic region and the posterosuperior part of the tympanic membrane of the left ear; the patient complains of ear pain only for the last three hours (c) Hyperemia in the attic region and the posterosuperior part of the tympanic membrane of the right ear; slight bulging of the tympanic membrane has started
E A R N O S E T H R O AT A N D N E C K
a
29
30
Chapter 1 Ear
a
d
b
e
c
Fig. 1.6.5 Acute otitis media. Different phases of the exudative stage. (a) Bulging in the posterior half of the tympanic membrane (right ear). (b) Slight bulging of the tympanic membrane (left ear). (c) Due
to bulging the malleus handle cannot be differentiated (right ear). (d) More severe bulging (right ear). (e) More severe bulging and opaque tympanic membrane (left ear). There is conductive-type hearing loss
1.6 Acute Otitis Media
b Fig. 1.6.6 Acute hemorrhagic otitis media in the right ear. Bulging of the tympanic membrane due to hemorrhagic purulent material in the middle ear
Fig. 1.6.8 Suppurative stage in acute otitis media (right ear). (a) Puru lent material filling the external ear canal and preventing the drum fro
Data Loading...
