Acute p -synephrine ingestion increases whole-body fat oxidation during 1-h of cycling at Fatmax
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Acute p‑synephrine ingestion increases whole‑body fat oxidation during 1‑h of cycling at Fatmax Jorge Gutiérrez‑Hellín1,3 · Carlos Ruiz‑Moreno1 · Juan Del Coso2 Received: 15 May 2019 / Accepted: 26 September 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Purpose p-Synephrine, the principal alkaloid of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), is widely used in dietary supplements for weight loss due to its purported effect of increasing fat oxidation. However, there is a paucity of scientific information about its effectiveness in enhancing fat oxidation during exercise. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of an acute dose of p-synephrine on substrate oxidation during prolonged and constant intensity exercise. Methods In a double-blind and randomized experiment, 14 healthy subjects performed two acute experimental trials after ingesting either p-synephrine (3 mg kg−1) or a placebo (cellulose). Energy expenditure and fat oxidation rates were continuously measured by indirect calorimetry during 1 h of continuous cycling at Fatmax, the intensity that induces maximal fat oxidation rate. Results In comparison to the placebo, energy expenditure during 1 h of cycling remained unchanged with p-synephrine (698 ± 129 vs. 686 ± 123 kcal, P = 0.08). However, p-synephrine increased whole-body fat oxidation (33.6 ± 10.4 vs. 37.3 ± 9.8 g, P
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