Piperine enhances carbohydrate/fat metabolism in skeletal muscle during acute exercise in mice
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Piperine enhances carbohydrate/fat metabolism in skeletal muscle during acute exercise in mice Jisu Kim1, Kang-Pa Lee2, Dae-Won Lee3 and Kiwon Lim1,4*
Abstract Background: Exercise promotes energy metabolism (e.g., metabolism of glucose and lipids) in skeletal muscles; however, reactive oxygen species are also generated during exercise. Various spices have been reported to have beneficial effects in sports medicine. Here, we investigated the effects of piperine, an active compound in black pepper, to determine its effects on metabolism during acute endurance exercise. Methods: ICR mice (n = 18) were divided into three groups: nonexercise (CON), exercise (EX), and exercise with piperine (5 mg/kg) treatment (EP). Mice were subjected to enforced exercise on a treadmill at a speed of 22 m/min for 1 h. To evaluate the inflammatory responses following exercise, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was performed to monitor changes in CD4+ cells within the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of mice. The expression levels of metabolic pathway components and redox-related factors were evaluated in the soleus muscle by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results: There were no changes in the differentiation of immune cells in PBMCs in both the EX and EP groups compared with that in the CON group. Mice in the EX group exhibited a significant increase in the expression of metabolic pathway components and redox signal-related components compared with mice in the CON group. Moreover, mice in the EP group showed greater metabolic (GLUT4, MCT1, FAT/CD36, CPT1, CS) changes than mice in the EX group, and changes in the expression of redox signal components were lower in the EP group than those in the EX group. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that piperine promoted beneficial metabolism during exercise by regulating carbohydrate/fat metabolism and redox signals. Therefore, piperine may be a candidate supplement for improvement of exercise ability. Keywords: Acute endurance exercise, Piperine, Carbohydrate metabolism, Fat metabolism, Antioxidant
Background The western diet generally includes excessive caloric intake. Moreover, many individuals have adopted a sedentary lifestyle, including little or irregular physical activity, leading to increased rates of obesity and mortality [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that individuals exercise daily to alleviate obesity and * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea 4 Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Korea University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
improve health [2]. Therefore, appropriate research is needed to fully elucidate the effects of exercise on health and the appropriate type of exercise that should be adopted to ensure a health
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