Acute toxicity of fluazinam to aquatic organisms and its bioaccumulation in Brachydanio rerio
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Acute toxicity of fluazinam to aquatic organisms and its bioaccumulation in Brachydanio rerio Wenzhu Wu 1,2
&
Deyang Kong 2 & Weidong Zhang 2 & Yuanqing Bu 2 & Juying Li 2 & Zhengjun Shan 2
Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Fluazinam (FZN) is a dinitroaniline fungicide. To evaluate the environmental risk of FZN in aquatic environments and ascertain the potential danger to typical aquatic organisms in China, the acute toxicity of FZN to representative aquatic organisms, including Brachydanio rerio, Chlorella vulgaris Beij., Daphnia magna Straus, and Xenopus laevis, was measured, and its bioaccumulation properties in Brachydanio rerio were further investigated. The results showed that the acute toxicity of FZN to Brachydanio rerio and Xenopus laevis is extremely high, and the bioaccumulation factor BCF8d of FZN in Brachydanio rerio ranges between 2287 and 3570, implying that it has high bioaccumulation properties. FZN poses a strong environmental risk for aquatic organisms and possesses great bioaccumulation properties, which may cause pollution to aquatic environments. Keywords Fluazinam . Aquatic organisms . Acute toxicity . Bioaccumulation . Brachydanio rerio
Introduction The acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of pesticides in aquatic organisms are closely related to the rational utilization of pesticides and serve as important parameters for pesticide environmental safety evaluation. Thus, it is of great significance to accurately evaluate the influence of pesticides on the safety of aquatic organisms (Bradbury et al. 1986, Anu et al. 2006). Algae, water, fish, and tadpoles serve as key components of aquatic ecosystems. Considering that aquatic pollution caused by the production and utilization of pesticide chemicals will inevitably endanger both aquatic organisms and human beings, it is
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Wenzhu Wu [email protected] 1
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210042, China
necessary to study the acute toxicity of pesticides in the alga-water-fish food chain and thus to reveal its influence on the aquatic organism ecological system. Fluazinam (FZN) is a preventative fungicide in the pyridinamine group (Matheron and Porchas 2004; Matheron and Porchas 2002). It was introduced in the 1990s and quickly became established as a new standard for the control of blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in potatoes (Anema and Bouwman 1992). The solubility of FZN in water is 0.135 mg/L (20 °C), and aqueous hydrolysis is stable at pH 4. It was reported that FZN can cause a toxic response in some organs (Van Ginkel and Sabapathy 1995; Draper et al. 2003). Exposure to environmental residues of FZN can trigger diseases such as
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